#retirement-savings
Track retirement savings and investment growth
Two retirees with identical average returns can end up decades apart in portfolio longevity — the order of returns decides it. How sequence-of-returns risk works, why the ten-year retirement risk zone hits business owners and freelancers hardest, and five defenses including cash buffers, bucket strategies, bond tents, and spending guardrails.
EBSA's Field Assistance Bulletin 2026-01 prioritizes duty-of-loyalty and prohibited-transaction cases over process-based prudence claims, and caps routine ERISA investigations at 18 months (30 for complex ones). Here's what small-business 401(k) sponsors should document to stay protected.
Massachusetts's House passed the Secure Choice Savings Program 148-2 on July 8, 2026, mandating auto-enrollment Roth IRAs for employers with 25+ workers — 6% default contributions, $250-per-employee penalties, and a qualifying-plan exemption small businesses can use to opt out entirely.
A QLAC lets you move up to $210,000 — the 2026 SECURE 2.0 lifetime limit — from a traditional IRA, SEP-IRA, or 401(k) into a deferred annuity the IRS excludes from RMD calculations until payments start, as late as age 85. Here are the rules, a worked example, and the break-even math showing when to skip it.
Texas federal courts vacated the DOL's Retirement Security Rule in March 2026, reverting fiduciary status for retirement advice to the 1975 five-part test — the second such rule struck down since 2018. Here's what 401(k) plan sponsors should check now: advisor fiduciary status in writing, compensation disclosures, and a documentation checklist, plus what the DOL's new alternative-assets safe harbor proposal means for small plans.
For 2026 the IRS caps total 401(k) contributions at $72,000 versus a $24,500 employee deferral limit; business owners can convert the after-tax gap between the two into a Roth account tax-free using the mega backdoor Roth strategy.
Illinois excludes employer 401(k) matching contributions from state unemployment insurance (SUI) taxable wages for contributions made after June 30, 2026, under an amendment to 56 Ill. Adm. Code 2730.155; employee deferrals remain taxable, and the change aligns Illinois with existing federal FUTA treatment.
A freelancer earning $80,000 net self-employment income can shelter roughly $43,070 in a Solo 401(k) versus $18,570 in a SEP IRA in 2026 — the gap comes entirely from the $24,500 employee-deferral bucket that SEP IRAs don't offer.
Under SECURE 2.0, workers who turn 60-63 in 2026 can defer up to $35,750 into a 401(k) — but anyone whose prior-year FICA wages topped $150,000 must make the entire catch-up as Roth, and loses it entirely if their plan lacks a Roth option.
A cash balance plan is an IRS-qualified defined benefit plan that lets business owners 45 and older stack $75,000 to $290,000 in additional pre-tax retirement contributions on top of a 401(k), with the trade-off being a required multi-year funding commitment and $2,000-$4,000 in annual actuarial administration costs.
Twenty-two states now require small employers to offer retirement savings or face penalties up to $750 per employee. A practical guide to CalSavers, Illinois Secure Choice, OregonSaves, headcount thresholds, registration deadlines, exemption rules, and the compliance traps that trigger non-compliance notices in 2026.
Beneficiaries of taxable estates can claim a Section 691(c) income tax deduction for federal estate tax already paid on inherited IRAs and other IRD assets. This guide covers eligibility, the with-and-without calculation, where to claim it on Schedule A, and the errors that cost families six figures.
