ERISA Section 409 imposes personal liability on 401(k) plan fiduciaries, and the corporate veil does not shield small business owners. This guide explains the prudent-expert standard, the Tibble v. Edison duty to monitor, and how hiring a Section 3(38) investment manager shifts investment discretion — and most related liability — away from the plan sponsor.
A practitioner's guide to representations and warranties insurance (RWI) for middle-market M&A in 2026 — how buy-side and sell-side policies work, premiums around 2.5–3% of limit with retentions near 0.5%, the top breach categories driving claims, and when traditional escrow still wins.
D&O insurance for startups in 2026 typically runs $3,500–$10,000 per year for $1M–$3M of coverage; Series A term sheets routinely require $3M–$5M within 60–90 days of close. The most common claims at sub-100-person companies come from employment disputes, not securities allegations.
Employment Practices Liability Insurance costs small businesses roughly $800 to $3,000 a year, but a single uncovered discrimination, harassment, or wrongful termination claim averages $80,000 in defense costs—here is what EPLI covers, how carriers price it, and how to buy it without overpaying.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act made the Section 45S paid family and medical leave credit permanent, lowered the eligibility threshold to six months, and added a premium-based method that lets small employers claim 12.5%–25% of PFML insurance premiums even when no leave is taken.
A funding-model guide for small employers comparing fully-insured, level-funded, and self-funded group health plans, with the math on stop-loss coverage, ERISA fiduciary exposure, Form 5500 filings, and when each model actually saves money.
Connelly v. United States, decided unanimously on June 6, 2024, ruled that company-owned life insurance proceeds count toward a deceased shareholder's estate—adding $889,914 in federal estate tax for one Missouri family. This guide explains why redemption-funded buy-sell agreements now backfire and walks through five workable alternatives, including cross-purchase structures, insurance LLCs, and ILITs.
S&P forecasts a 15–20% rise in cyber insurance premiums for 2026 after a 126% jump in ransomware incidents. A guide to the controls underwriters now require, typical small business pricing ($1,000–$7,500 for $1M of coverage), and the exclusions behind the 40%+ claim denial rate.
Key person life insurance pays the company, not the family, when a founder, rainmaker, or specialist dies. IRC Section 101(j) makes the death benefit taxable unless written notice and consent are completed before the policy issues — a step most small businesses skip, turning a $1M tax-free benefit into roughly $600K–$700K after tax.
A working-age self-employed professional is roughly three times more likely to become disabled than to die before 65, yet most carry no disability coverage. This guide explains the four policy types, the clauses (own-occupation, elimination period, benefit period) that decide whether claims pay, 2026 premium ranges of 1–4% of income, and the after-tax-vs-deductible premium choice that can shift net benefits by six figures.
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