Three valuation approaches — asset, income, and market — can produce 50% differences in indicated value for the same closely-held business. This guide explains when each fits, how DLOM and DLOC discounts apply, and what records owners need before a sale, partner buyout, or estate transfer.
How IRC Section 453 and Form 6252 let sellers spread capital gain on seller-financed real estate or business sales across the years payments arrive — including the gross profit percentage formula, the depreciation recapture trap, the Section 453A interest charge on installment balances above $5 million, and when to elect out.
How executors of closely-held business estates use IRC Section 6166 to defer federal estate tax across 14 years at a 2% rate, with the 2026 inflation-adjusted $1.94M base, the 35% eligibility test, election mechanics, and the acceleration events that kill the deferral.
Connelly v. United States, decided unanimously on June 6, 2024, ruled that company-owned life insurance proceeds count toward a deceased shareholder's estate—adding $889,914 in federal estate tax for one Missouri family. This guide explains why redemption-funded buy-sell agreements now backfire and walks through five workable alternatives, including cross-purchase structures, insurance LLCs, and ILITs.
Section 1042 of the IRC lets a C-corporation owner selling shares to an ESOP defer federal capital gains tax indefinitely — and potentially eliminate it through step-up at death. This guide covers the five qualifying conditions, what counts as Qualified Replacement Property, the floating-rate-note diversification strategy, and the trade-offs founders should weigh against a strategic sale.
Key person life insurance pays the company, not the family, when a founder, rainmaker, or specialist dies. IRC Section 101(j) makes the death benefit taxable unless written notice and consent are completed before the policy issues — a step most small businesses skip, turning a $1M tax-free benefit into roughly $600K–$700K after tax.
A see-through trust named on an IRA beneficiary form must navigate the SECURE Act 10-year rule. Conduit trusts pass every distribution through to the beneficiary by year ten, while accumulation trusts retain assets but face compressed trust brackets that reach the 37 percent federal rate at just $16,000 of retained income in 2026.
Learn how to create a business succession plan that protects your legacy. Covers the five main succession options, buy-sell agreements, business valuation, tax planning, and a step-by-step timeline for small business owners.
A complete guide to estate planning for small business owners. Covers trusts, buy-sell agreements, the 2026 estate tax exemption changes, tax-smart transfer strategies, succession planning, and a practical estate planning checklist.
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