Small businesses can deduct repairs immediately but must depreciate capital improvements over 27.5 or 39 years. This guide explains the IRS BAR test (betterment, adaptation, restoration), the three safe harbors that let you expense more, and the documentation required to defend your deductions.
Schedule C reports business income and expenses for sole proprietors and single-member LLCs. This guide walks through every line of the form, the $400 filing threshold, the home office and 70-cent-per-mile vehicle deductions, and the recordkeeping that holds up under IRS review.
Schedule K-1 reports your share of pass-through income from a partnership, S corporation, or trust — and you owe tax on your allocation, not on the cash you actually received. A working guide to each major box, the phantom income trap, partner basis rules, the 2026 filing timeline, and six mistakes that cost K-1 recipients real money every year.
Section 174 of the U.S. tax code restored immediate domestic R&D expensing in 2025 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and small businesses have until July 6, 2026 to amend 2022–2024 returns and reclaim refunds on previously capitalized research costs.
Section 179 lets qualifying businesses deduct up to $2,560,000 of equipment, vehicles, and software costs in the year the asset is placed in service for 2026, with a dollar-for-dollar phase-out starting at $4,090,000 in total qualifying purchases and a hard ceiling at net taxable business income.
Self-employed filers can deduct 100% of qualifying health insurance premiums above-the-line via Form 7206 and Schedule 1 line 17, provided the business is profitable and neither spouse had access to subsidized employer coverage. The guide covers S corporation W-2 requirements, ACA marketplace subsidy circular calculations, age-based long-term care caps, and the five most common errors that trigger IRS disallowance.
A practical reference for small business owners on what records the IRS requires, how long to keep each type (3, 4, 6, or 7 years), the de minimis $75 receipt rule, and how to build a system you will actually maintain month after month.
A 2026 reference for Social Security tax: the 6.2% employee and employer rate, the $184,500 wage base, the 15.3% self-employment rate with its 92.35% adjustment, Form 941 deposit rules, and the six mistakes that most often trigger IRS payroll penalties against small businesses.
Section 195 lets new businesses deduct up to $5,000 of startup costs and another $5,000 of organizational costs under Section 248/709 in the first year, with the remainder amortized over 180 months. Phase-out begins at $50,000 and eliminates the immediate deduction at $55,000.
SUTA is the state-level payroll tax that funds unemployment insurance. Every U.S. employer owes it, rates range from under 1% to over 10%, and late payments can cost the 5.4% FUTA credit — turning a $42 federal bill into $420 per employee.
Take control of your finances with our open-source double-entry accounting system. Start your ledger today.
© 2019 - 2026 Beancount.io
