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#financial-ratios

Financial Ratios

Key financial ratios like ROA, ROE, and profitability metrics for measuring business performance

坏账准备会计:备抵法与直接注销法,以及让你的准备保持真实的对账KPI

GAAP要求采用备抵法,而IRS根据第166条要求采用直接注销法,因此大多数权责发生制企业两种方法并用并调整差异。本指南介绍了每种方法的会计分录、估算准备金的三种方式(按赊销百分比、账龄分析表、具体识别法),以及五项催收KPI——DSO、CEI、当前账龄占比、坏账与销售比率和平均逾期天数——这些指标能揭示准备金何时与现实脱节。

Interest Coverage Ratio: What Your Loan Covenant Measures and How to Cure a Breach Before It Triggers Default

The interest coverage ratio (EBIT ÷ interest expense) is the loan covenant small businesses trip most often, with minimums typically set between 2.5x and 4.5x and tested quarterly on trailing twelve months. This guide explains how lenders define EBITDA and interest expense, what a breach triggers (default rate, frozen draws, cross-defaults), and the cure sequence in cost order — early covenant reset, waiver, amendment, equity cure, forbearance — plus the bookkeeping that keeps your ratio visible before the bank sees it.

速动比率(酸性测试比率):比流动比率更受贷款方信赖的流动性指标

速动比率(酸性测试比率)衡量企业是否仅用现金、有价证券和应收账款即可覆盖流动负债——有意剔除存货和预付费用。涵盖公式及实际案例,解释为何贷款契约常设定速动比率下限而非流动比率下限,为什么1.0是教科书基准而快消零售企业健康运行在0.3-0.4,以及哪些错误会导致该比率误导。

股本回报率 (ROE) 详解:它衡量什么,何为良好,以及如何分解分析

股本回报率 (ROE) 以净利润除以所有者权益 —— 15% 的 ROE 意味着企业每投入一美元所有者资本,赚取 15 美分。本指南涵盖健康基准(12–15% 为基础,15–20%+ 为强劲)、利润率、资产周转率和杠杆三部分的杜邦分析,以及扭曲该比率的陷阱——债务膨胀的回报、负权益、一次性项目。