#financial-analysis
Financial Analysis
Analyze financial data and metrics to evaluate business performance and health
Apple's Strongest June Quarter Ever: $109.4B Revenue, $2.02 EPS, and Services and Mac Hit New June Records
Apple's fiscal Q3 2026 (June quarter) delivered $109.4B revenue (+16% YoY), $2.02 diluted EPS (+29%), and a 50.1% gross margin — roughly 2 points of it a one-time tariff refund worth $0.11 of EPS. iPhone, Mac and Services each set June quarter records, every geography grew double digits, and the full FY2021–FY2026Q3 income statements and balance sheets sit in a public Beancount ledger.
Palantir FY2026 Q2 Earnings: 93% Growth and 149% U.S. Commercial Surge Force an 82% Full-Year Guide
Palantir's FY2026 Q2 revenue surged 93% to $1.935 billion as U.S. commercial revenue jumped 149% to $764 million, lifting GAAP operating margin to 47% and forcing full-year guidance to $8.15 billion (+82% YoY) — the second straight quarter of accelerating hypergrowth at software's most debated valuation.
Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC): Formula, LTV Ratio, and Payback Period for Small Businesses
CAC is total sales and marketing cost divided by new customers acquired in the same period — $6,000 of spend across 30 customers is a $200 CAC. This guide covers what belongs in the numerator, how to pair CAC with gross-profit LTV (a 3:1 to 4:1 ratio is the practical small-business target) and payback period (under 12 months for SMB customers, up to 24 for enterprise), 2026 CAC ranges by business type, and seven ways to lower CAC without cutting customer volume.
Amazon Q2 2026 Earnings: AWS Accelerates 37% as a $53B Anthropic Gain Rewrites Profit
Amazon's Q2 2026: $200.6B net sales (+19.6%) and $62.6B net income (+245%) — but $53.4B of that was a non-operating gain from revaluing its Anthropic stake. Operating income rose 43% to $27.5B as AWS accelerated to 37% growth at a 39.4% margin, while trailing free cash flow turned to a $7.6B outflow on $169B of capex. Modeled line by line in a public Beancount ledger.
Return on Net Assets (RONA): How to Tell If Your Equipment and Inventory Are Earning Their Keep
Return on Net Assets (RONA = Net Income ÷ Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital) measures whether the equipment, vehicles, and inventory a business owns are actually generating profit. Includes a worked example, rough benchmarks (above 5% acceptable, above 20% outstanding), and how RONA differs from ROA and ROE for capital-intensive small businesses.
Microsoft FY2026 Earnings: The $133B Profit Machine Now Spends $116B a Year on AI Infrastructure
Microsoft's FY2026: $331.8B revenue (+18%), a record $133.7B net income, Azure past $100B, and $115.9B of AI capex — nearly 35% of revenue — broken down as an auditable plain-text Beancount ledger.
The Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio): The Liquidity Number Lenders Trust More Than Your Current Ratio
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) measures whether a business can cover current liabilities using only cash, marketable securities, and receivables — deliberately excluding inventory and prepaid expenses. Covers the formula with a worked example, why loan covenants often set a quick-ratio minimum instead of a current-ratio one, why 1.0 is the textbook benchmark but fast-turn retailers healthily run 0.3–0.4, and the mistakes that make the ratio misleading.
Asset Coverage Ratio: The Solvency Number Lenders Check Before You Ever See a Term Sheet
The asset coverage ratio measures whether tangible assets could repay total debt in a liquidation — [(total assets − intangibles) − (current liabilities − short-term debt)] ÷ total debt. Below 1.0 is a red flag, 2.0 is a common healthy benchmark, and lenders often write a minimum ACR into loan covenants that can trigger technical default.
Alphabet Q2 2026: A $99B Paper Gain, 82% Cloud Growth, and the End of the Buyback Era
Alphabet's Q2 2026 revenue was $119.8B (+24% YoY) and net income hit $112.2B (+298%), but roughly $99.0B of that was a non-cash gain on equity securities that the cash flow statement backs right out, leaving operating cash flow at just $39.1B. Google Cloud grew 82% to a ~$99B run-rate at a 35.6% operating margin, while Alphabet halted stock buybacks and raised ~$70B via common stock, its first-ever preferred, and debt to fund a $44.9B capex quarter that turned free cash flow negative. The FY2022–Q2 2026 Beancount ledger shows long-term debt climbing from $10.9B to $98.2B.
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, Explained: Is That New Equipment Actually Pulling Its Weight?
The fixed asset turnover ratio — net sales divided by average net fixed assets — measures revenue generated per dollar of PP&E. Capital-intensive businesses typically run 1–3, asset-light ones 5+, and the trend matters more than the level. Here's how to calculate it, benchmark it, and avoid the bookkeeping errors that distort it.
Inventory Turnover Ratio Explained: Formula, Industry Benchmarks, and How to Improve It
Inventory turnover ratio = COGS ÷ average inventory, and it shows how many times a business sells through its stock each year. This guide covers the formula, converting turnover to days sales of inventory, industry benchmarks from 2–4 turns (industrial parts) to 10–20+ (grocery), and why slow-moving stock costs 20–30% of its value annually to hold.
The Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio): The One Number That Catches a Cash Crunch Before It Happens
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) strips inventory and prepaid expenses from current assets to test whether cash, receivables, and marketable securities alone can cover current liabilities. Includes the formula, a worked example where a 2.5 current ratio hides a 1.0 quick ratio, industry benchmarks, and the aged-receivables blind spot.