
Roth vs. Traditional: Pay Tax Now or Later?
Pay tax at today's known rate with Roth, or defer with Traditional and risk higher retirement rates — compare brackets, RMDs, and IRS limits to decide.
#sep-ira
Simplified Employee Pension IRA setup, contribution rules, and benefits for small businesses

Pay tax at today's known rate with Roth, or defer with Traditional and risk higher retirement rates — compare brackets, RMDs, and IRS limits to decide.

IRS Publication 560 frames the employer choice as SEP vs. SIMPLE vs. qualified plan — compare uniformity, mandatory contributions, and admin cost.

Terminating a 401(k), SEP, or SIMPLE IRA requires 100% vesting, full asset distribution, and a final Form 5500 due seven months after the last payout.

File by October 15 and the IRS failure-to-file penalty — 5% a month, ten times the failure-to-pay rate — stops; it is also the last day to fund a 2025 SEP-IRA.

Extended your 2025 return? You can still open and fund a SEP IRA by October 15, 2026 (September 15 for S corps and partnerships) and deduct up to $70,000 — but Solo 401(k) elective deferrals for 2025 are gone for good.

The enhanced ACA subsidies expired December 31, 2025, so in 2026 a single filer one dollar above roughly $63,840 in MAGI loses the entire premium tax credit while Marketplace rates rise a median 18%. Deductible SEP IRA, solo 401(k), traditional IRA and HSA contributions are above-the-line, so they lower the MAGI the credit uses — and the repayment cap on excess advance credits is gone for tax years after 2025, making every dollar of the excess repayable.

34% of U.S. small business owners have no retirement plan, and more than 80% of a typical owner's net worth sits inside the business. This guide compares the SEP IRA, Solo 401(k), and SIMPLE IRA at 2026 limits ($72,000, $24,500 deferral, $17,000), explains the SECURE 2.0 credits worth up to $5,000 a year for three years, and gives a five-step plan to start saving this quarter.

TrumpIRA.gov, a Treasury-run IRA marketplace launching January 1, 2027, will list providers capped at a 0.15% expense ratio with no account minimums and connect eligible savers to a Federal Saver's Match of up to $1,000 a year — a 50% match on the first $2,000 contributed. Here is how it fits alongside a SEP-IRA or Solo 401(k), and why accurate books determine the contribution you can actually make.

SECURE 2.0 gives small employers three stackable federal tax credits for starting a retirement plan — up to $5,000 per year for three years in startup costs, up to $1,000 per eligible employee in contribution credits, and a flat $500 per year for auto-enrollment — all claimed on IRS Form 8881. Here's who qualifies, how the five-year phasedown works, and how the credits compare against state auto-IRA mandates in 2026.

Massachusetts's House passed the Secure Choice Savings Program 148-2 on July 8, 2026, mandating auto-enrollment Roth IRAs for employers with 25+ workers — 6% default contributions, $250-per-employee penalties, and a qualifying-plan exemption small businesses can use to opt out entirely.

A QLAC lets you move up to $210,000 — the 2026 SECURE 2.0 lifetime limit — from a traditional IRA, SEP-IRA, or 401(k) into a deferred annuity the IRS excludes from RMD calculations until payments start, as late as age 85. Here are the rules, a worked example, and the break-even math showing when to skip it.

Compare the 2026 Solo 401(k) and SEP-IRA limits side by side — when each plan wins, how the SECURE 2.0 super catch-up adds $11,250 for ages 60–63, the mega-backdoor Roth strategy for after-tax conversions, the 20% versus 25% Schedule C calculation, and the Form 5500-EZ filing required once plan assets cross $250,000.