#interest
Calculate and track interest income and expenses
Original issue discount makes you report interest income each year on bonds that pay no cash until maturity. This guide covers where OID hides — zero-coupon bonds, T-bills, TIPS, seller-financed notes — the 0.25%-per-year de minimis threshold, how to read Boxes 1, 2, 6 and 8 of Form 1099-OID, and the basis and state-tax mistakes that make investors overpay.
The interest coverage ratio (EBIT ÷ interest expense) is the loan covenant small businesses trip most often, with minimums typically set between 2.5x and 4.5x and tested quarterly on trailing twelve months. This guide explains how lenders define EBITDA and interest expense, what a breach triggers (default rate, frozen draws, cross-defaults), and the cure sequence in cost order — early covenant reset, waiver, amendment, equity cure, forbearance — plus the bookkeeping that keeps your ratio visible before the bank sees it.
The June 2026 dot plot moved the median end-of-year Fed funds projection from 3.4% to 3.8%, erasing the cut many borrowers were waiting for. Here is how prime at 6.75% flows into SBA 7(a), term loan, and line-of-credit pricing, when to lock fixed versus float variable, and the debt-schedule bookkeeping that gets you quoted 0.5%-1.0% lower.
A potential 2026 Fed hike would lift prime and SOFR within days, raising payments on variable-rate lines, cards, and SBA 7(a) loans. Learn which loans reprice first, how to stress-test at +50 bps, and what to lock before the next FOMC meeting.
Fintechs like Mercury and Rho now offer treasury and sweep accounts yielding 3.7%-5.4% on idle business cash, but treasury balances are typically SIPC-insured up to $500,000 while sweep-network balances stay FDIC-insured — a distinction worth understanding before moving six figures.
From 1 July 2025, the ATO's General Interest Charge and Shortfall Interest Charge are no longer tax-deductible — even on old tax debts. With GIC around 11% compounding daily, the after-tax cost of ATO debt jumped from roughly 7–8% to full sticker price. Here's how the incurred-date rule works and what to do about existing debt.
With the Fed holding rates at 3.5%–3.75% through mid-2026, a business keeping $100,000 in a 0% checking account forgoes roughly $3,500–$4,000 a year. This guide compares top business savings APYs (Axos ~3.60%, Bluevine up to ~3.75%, Live Oak, Lili, Grasshopper), explains Insured Cash Sweep coverage beyond the $250,000 FDIC limit, and shows how to split operating, reserve, and surplus cash.
The prime rate — not the federal funds rate — drives variable business loan payments. It sits at 6.75% in mid-2026, with SBA 7(a) loans priced at Prime + 2.25%–3.0%. Here's the payment math on a quarter-point cut (about $37/month on a $250,000 loan) and how to plan around the Fed's uncertain rate path.
FASB's ASU 2025-09, issued November 2025, makes five targeted fixes to hedge accounting: a 'similar risk' standard for grouped cash flow hedges, a 'choose-your-rate' framework for variable-rate debt, broader nonfinancial asset hedge eligibility, simpler net written option rules, and dual hedge mismatch relief. Public companies must comply for periods beginning after December 15, 2026; private companies get until after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted.
Form 8697 look-back interest settles the gap between estimated and actual results on long-term contracts reported under the percentage-of-completion method — the IRS recomputes prior-year income with final figures and charges or refunds interest only, without reopening those returns. This guide covers who must file under IRC Section 460, the three-step calculation, the separate-filing rule for interest refunds, and what the Excel PCM calculator the IRS released on May 29, 2026 does and doesn't do.
How ag equipment dealerships should track floor-plan interest per unit, re-mark trade-in inventory as used tractor prices fall, and measure parts-department absorption rate — where the national average sits in the mid-60s percent and under 50% signals trouble.
Divide 72 by an annual rate and you get the approximate years for money to double: $50,000 at 9% doubles in 8 years, while a 24% credit card balance doubles what you owe in 3. How business owners can use the Rule of 72 to compare investments, price debt, and gauge inflation's drag on idle cash.
