#accrual-accounting
Accrual Accounting
Accrual method accounting principles, conversion from cash basis, and revenue recognition timing
Accrued Vacation Pay Is a Liability You Already Owe: A Small Business Guide to PTO Accruals and Payout Rules
How to accrue unused PTO as a liability month by month under ASC 710, calculate it with payroll taxes, book the journal entries, and apply the three state-law buckets that decide whether you must cash out vacation at separation.
Photography Studio Bookkeeping: Session Deposits, Print Credits, and Gear Expensing in 2026
Photography studios should book session deposits, retainers, and print credits as deferred revenue liabilities rather than income, expense gear under 2026's $2,560,000 Section 179 limit instead of depreciating it over five years, and track sales tax, breakage, and COGS in separate accounts to see real profitability.
Summer Camp Bookkeeping: Surviving the 8-Month Cash Flow Gap Between Deposits and Opening Day
A guide to camp bookkeeping showing why early-bird deposits should post as deferred revenue under ASC 606, how to build a 12-month cash flow forecast from an 8-week season, and how to track KPIs like cost per camper and collection rate by deadline.
Surf Shop and Dive Shop Bookkeeping: Why Your Best Season Can Still Leave You Broke by October
A surf or dive shop is six businesses under one roof — school, retail, travel, rental, air fills, and repair — sharing one seasonal cash window. Learn how separate revenue lines, deferred-revenue accounting for prepaid lessons, and 12-month cash forecasting that isolates inventory purchases reveal which business actually profits and whether summer funds the winter.
Wholesale Distributor Bookkeeping: Freight-In, Vendor Rebates, and Consignment Inventory
A guide to the three bookkeeping fault lines that distort a wholesale distributor's margin and balance sheet — capitalizing freight-in into landed cost, accruing vendor rebates as a contra-COGS reduction instead of income, and tracking consignment inventory by location and ownership — plus a monthly close checklist and journal entries.
Roofing Contractor Bookkeeping: The WIP Schedule That Tells You Whether Your Bank Balance Is Lying
A roofing WIP schedule ties revenue to work actually completed rather than to when you invoiced — percent complete equals costs to date divided by total estimated costs, and earned revenue equals percent complete times revised contract price. This guide walks a $192,000 TPO re-roof through the math, explains over- versus under-billing, retainage receivable and warranty accruals, and covers when Section 460 forces percentage-of-completion for tax (roughly $31 million in average gross receipts for 2026, or contracts running past two years).
Amazon FBA Reserve Holds Aren't an Expense: How to Book Withheld Settlement Funds
An Amazon FBA reserve is money Amazon owes you, not a fee — book the withheld settlement as a current asset (Amazon Reserved Balances), not a P&L expense, so revenue is not understated and bank reconciliation ties.
Micro-SaaS and API Bookkeeping: Usage-Based Billing, Processor Reconciliation, and Why 70% Margins Still Need Real Books
Micro-SaaS and API businesses at 70%+ gross margins still need accrual accounting — how to structure hybrid subscription-plus-overage and credit-pack billing, reconcile Stripe and Merchant of Record payouts to gross revenue, and keep deferred revenue, COGS, and processor fees audit-ready.
The Sloan Ratio: How to Tell If Your Profits Are Real Cash or Just Accounting Accruals
The Sloan ratio divides the gap between net income and operating cash flow by total assets to show how much reported profit is accruals rather than cash. Includes the formula, the ±10% caution bands, and a worked example of a profitable agency where only 40 cents of each profit dollar arrived as operating cash.
The 24-Month Bookkeeping Cleanup: How Small Business Owners Get Their Books Buyer-Ready
More than half of small business sales that reach a signed letter of intent still fail to close, often because the seller's books can't survive a buyer's Quality of Earnings review — a 24-month, four-phase bookkeeping cleanup is how owners get financials buyer-ready before going to market.
Christmas Light Installation Business Bookkeeping: Deposits, Cash Flow, and the Off-Season
Christmas light installation businesses collect nearly all their annual revenue in a six-to-eight-week window each fall, so booking October deposits as deferred revenue and sizing a reserve to a ten-month off-season — not the generic three-month rule — determines whether the business survives to next November.
Climbing Gym Bookkeeping: Membership Deferred Revenue, Route-Setting Labor, and the 3-Year Path to Profitability
Membership revenue isn't earned when the cash arrives—it's earned daily as members climb. Learn how climbing gym owners calculate deferred revenue, classify route-setting labor, and forecast profitability.