
Accruals vs. Deferrals Explained: How Accrued Expenses, Accrued Revenue, Prepaid Expenses, and Unearned Revenue Each Hit Your Books
Accruals book revenue and expenses before cash moves; deferrals hold cash on the balance sheet until earned or used.
#revenue-recognition
Revenue recognition principles and accounting standards

Accruals book revenue and expenses before cash moves; deferrals hold cash on the balance sheet until earned or used.

Unconditional pledges are booked at present value when promised — conditional gifts wait until the barrier falls.

Accrued revenue is earned-but-unbilled income (an asset); deferred revenue is unearned cash (a liability) — each clears with its own adjusting entry.

IRS rules tax income when it is available, not when you cash the check — December bonuses and uncashed checks count for this year.

GAAP allows LIFO and expenses R&D; IFRS bans LIFO and capitalizes development — four framework gaps that change reported profit, and records that survive both.

Annual SaaS billing cuts churn far below monthly rates and pulls a year of cash forward — but prepayments are deferred revenue, not day-one income.

FOB shipping point transfers ownership at the seller's dock; FOB destination, at the buyer's — and the term decides revenue timing, freight, and cutoff.

Most US restaurants charge $20-$25 per bottle in corkage; the fee is a taxable service charge, so ring it separately and run staff payouts through payroll.

If your agency controls client media before it reaches the client, ASC 606 says you are a principal — the full billing is your revenue.

A contribution is conditional only with both a barrier and a right of return — otherwise your nonprofit books the grant as revenue now, not a liability.

Book each Stripe dollar once as gross revenue when earned; route fees and refunds through a clearing account and treat payouts as transfers, never income.

Stripe payouts are net cash transfers, not revenue — book annual prepayments to deferred revenue and recognize one-twelfth monthly.