#financial-analysis
Financial Analysis
Analyze financial data and metrics to evaluate business performance and health
The Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio): The One Number That Catches a Cash Crunch Before It Happens
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) strips inventory and prepaid expenses from current assets to test whether cash, receivables, and marketable securities alone can cover current liabilities. Includes the formula, a worked example where a 2.5 current ratio hides a 1.0 quick ratio, industry benchmarks, and the aged-receivables blind spot.
Contribution Margin Explained: The Number That Tells You Whether a Sale Is Worth Making
Contribution margin is sales revenue minus variable costs — the per-unit number that drives pricing, break-even analysis, and product-mix decisions. Learn the formula, how it differs from gross margin, common calculation mistakes, and typical ratios by industry (70–90% for software, 25–50% for manufacturing).
Return on Invested Capital: The One Number That Tells You If Your Business Is Actually Worth Running
ROIC measures how efficiently a business turns debt and equity into after-tax operating profit — NOPAT divided by invested capital. Learn the formula, why it beats ROI and ROE, the WACC benchmark that separates value creators from value destroyers, and the five calculation mistakes owners make most.
Sustainable Growth Rate Explained: How Fast Your Business Can Grow Without New Debt or Equity
The sustainable growth rate (SGR = retention rate × ROE) sets the maximum revenue growth a business can fund from its own profits without new debt or equity, with most healthy companies landing between 10% and 25% a year.
Times Interest Earned Ratio Explained: The Number Lenders Check First
The times interest earned (TIE) ratio — EBIT divided by interest expense — tells lenders how many times over your operating earnings cover your interest bill. Most lenders want at least 2.5–3.0; below 1.5 signals high default risk. Here's how to calculate it, where it falls short, and how to improve it before a loan application.
Economic Value Added (EVA) Explained: The Profit Metric That Charges for Capital
Economic Value Added (EVA) = NOPAT − (WACC × invested capital) — the profit left after every source of capital, debt and equity alike, is paid its going rate. A worked example, how to estimate NOPAT and WACC, why EVA avoids ROI's percentage bias, and how small business owners can use it for capital decisions.
Alphabet Q1 2026: Google Cloud Grows 63%, and a $37.7B Paper Gain Drives the EPS Beat
Alphabet's Q1 2026 revenue was $109.9B (+21.8% YoY) with Google Cloud accelerating to 63% growth and backlog above $460B, but the 82% jump in diluted EPS to $5.11 rests largely on a $37.7B other-income line — mostly unrealized marks on non-marketable equity securities. Backing out the $36.9B equity-securities gain leaves EPS near $2.76, roughly flat against last year's $2.81. Rebuilding the FY2022–Q1 2026 books in a public Beancount ledger shows exactly where the gain landed — non-marketable securities rose from $68.7B to $106.9B, not cash.
Amazon FY2025 Earnings: A Record $77.7B Profit — and AWS Now Generates 57% of It
Amazon's FY2025: $716.9B net sales (+12.4%) and a record $77.7B net income (+31.1%) — but operating income grew only 16.6%, with a $15.2B non-operating equity gain accounting for $7.0B after tax. AWS grew 19.7% to $128.7B and produced 57% of company operating income on 18% of revenue, while PP&E jumped $104.4B in a single year. Modeled line by line in a public Beancount ledger.
Apple's Best March Quarter Ever: $111.2B Revenue, a New $100B Buyback, and Retained Earnings Turn Positive Again
Apple's Q2 FY2026 revenue reached $111.2 billion (+17% YoY) with expanding margins across every geographic segment, and a new $100 billion buyback authorization pushed retained earnings positive for the first time since fiscal 2021. Full income statement and balance sheet, FY2021-Q2 FY2026, in a public Beancount ledger.
Broadcom FY2025 Earnings: $63.9B in Revenue, and a Net Income That Nearly Quadrupled to $23.1B
Broadcom's FY2025: $63.9B revenue (+23.9%) and GAAP net income of $23.1B, up 292% from $5.9B — but decomposing the $17.2B swing shows revenue growth explains only 72% of it, with roughly $4.8B coming from a tax provision flipping to a $397M benefit plus one-time restructuring and discontinued-operations reversals. The durable signals are Infrastructure Software's operating margin rebounding to 76.8%, above its pre-VMware baseline, and AI semiconductor revenue guided to roughly double to $8.2B. Rebuilt line by line in a public Beancount ledger, FY2021–FY2025.
Circle Q1 2026: $694M in Revenue, and Most of It Never Stays
Circle's Q1 2026 revenue was $694.1M (+20% YoY) with USDC in circulation at $77.0B, but $405.4M — 58.4% — went to distribution partners, leaving an RLDC margin of 41%. Reserve income is 94% of revenue, so the top line tracks short-term interest rates. Rebuilding Circle's books in a public Beancount ledger also shows FY2025 was a net-loss year (−$70M), driven by a one-time $503.4M IPO compensation charge in Q2.
Micron FY2026 Q3 Earnings: Revenue Rose 346%. The Cost of Making the Chips Rose 10%.
Micron's fiscal Q3 2026 revenue rose 345.7% to $41.46 billion while cost of goods sold rose only 10.5% to $6.40 billion, lifting GAAP gross margin from 37.7% to 84.6% and net income to $28.24 billion — a margin built on DRAM pricing, not cost structure, in a business that posted a negative 9.1% gross margin as recently as FY2023.