#owner-distributions
Track owner distributions and shareholder dividends
An S corporation distribution is tax-free only to the extent of the Accumulated Adjustments Account once the company carries C-corporation earnings and profits. This guide covers what moves AAA up and down, the four-step distribution ordering rules, a worked $40,000 example with two opposite outcomes, and five bookkeeping mistakes that turn owner draws into taxable dividends.
The "60/40 rule" for splitting S-corp salary and distributions has never appeared in any IRS regulation. What the IRS actually applies is a facts-and-circumstances test — the one that reclassified a CPA's $24,000 salary to $91,044 and cost him $23,000 in back payroll taxes. Here's how to set a defensible number.
Section 1366(d) caps S-corporation loss deductions at stock basis plus direct shareholder debt, and Form 7203 is how the IRS verifies the math. A working guide to suspended losses, phantom capital gains on distributions, the $25,000 open-account debt rule, why personal guarantees do not create basis, and how the Regulation 1.1367-1 ordering rules decide which losses survive each year.
A CPA paid himself $24,000 while taking $200,000 in S-Corp distributions, lost in the Eighth Circuit, and owed six figures in back payroll taxes and penalties. Here is how the IRS evaluates reasonable compensation, the audit red flags, and a defensible methodology for setting an S-Corp owner salary.
Understand the IRS requirements for S-Corp reasonable salaries and learn how to accurately track W-2 wages and owner distributions in your Beancount ledger.
