Authorized vs. Issued vs. Outstanding Shares: What Each Count Means for Your Valuation, Your EPS, and Your Vote
Outstanding shares equal issued shares minus treasury stock — the only count that sets market cap, EPS, dividends, and votes.
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Plain-text accounting insights, tutorials, and updates from the Beancount.io team.
Anti-Dilution Provisions, Explained: How Broad-Based Weighted Average Softens a Down Round
Broad-based weighted average reprices preferred stock partway to a down round's price; full ratchet resets it fully — founders absorb the difference.
American Express Q3 2026 Earnings: Record $20.1B Revenue and the $982M GBTG Gain
Amex Q3 2026: $5.42 EPS up 31% on record $20.1B revenue — but $1.11 is a one-time GBTG sale gain; adjusted EPS grew 13%.
Alaska Air Q3 2026 Earnings: Revenue Up 14% to $4.3B, Fuel Up 60%, a $147M Net Loss
Alaska Air Q3 2026 revenue rose 14.4% to $4.3B, but 60% higher fuel and a $75M tax catch-up drove a $147M net loss; 2026 now guides to a $5.00–$5.50 EPS loss.
Year-End Bonus and Severance Accruals: Deduct Them This Year Only If You Pass Two Tests
The IRS lets accrual-basis employers deduct unpaid year-end bonuses only if the liability is fixed by December 31 and paid by March 15.
Union Pacific Q3 2026 Earnings: Record $2.1B Net Income as Diesel Hits $4.21
Union Pacific Q3 2026 net income hit a record $2.1B (+16%) on $7.2B revenue; fuel surcharges covered $4.21 diesel 1.4x as the Norfolk Southern deal advances.
Trading vs. Available-for-Sale vs. Held-to-Maturity Securities: How ASC 320 Classification Works
ASC 320 sorts bonds by intent — trading gains hit earnings, AFS gains wait in OCI, HTM stays at amortized cost, and one early HTM sale taints the whole book.
Texas Instruments Q3 2026 Earnings: Revenue +28% to $6.06B as Free Cash Flow Hits $8.4B
Texas Instruments Q3 2026: revenue rose 28% to $6.06B, operating margin hit 47.5%, and TTM free cash flow reached $8.4B as capex fell 46%.
Subsidiary Ledgers and Control Accounts, Explained: How AR and AP Subledgers Keep Detail Out of the General Ledger — Posting, Reconciliation, and What an Out-of-Balance Subledger Means
The AR control balance must equal every customer balance added up — when it doesn't, a posting went to the wrong place. How the tie-out works.
Quitclaim Deed vs. Warranty Deed: What Each Transfer Actually Promises, the Six Title Covenants, and Why Your Lender Insists on a Warranty
A warranty deed warrants clean title back through every prior owner; a quitclaim warrants nothing — which is why lenders fund only the first.
Purchase Orders, Explained: What a PO Must Include, Blanket Orders, Matching, and Numbering
A purchase order becomes binding when the supplier accepts it — by signature or shipment. What to include, blanket POs, and 2- vs 3-way matching.
Profitability Index, Explained: How to Rank Capital Projects by Present Value per Dollar Invested
Profitability index is the present value of inflows over the initial investment — fund projects above 1.0, highest PI first when the budget is capped.