#financial-analysis
Financial Analysis
Analyze financial data and metrics to evaluate business performance and health
Amazon Q2 2026 Earnings: AWS Accelerates 37% as a $53B Anthropic Gain Rewrites Profit
Amazon's Q2 2026: $200.6B net sales (+19.6%) and $62.6B net income (+245%) — but $53.4B of that was a non-operating gain from revaluing its Anthropic stake. Operating income rose 43% to $27.5B as AWS accelerated to 37% growth at a 39.4% margin, while trailing free cash flow turned to a $7.6B outflow on $169B of capex. Modeled line by line in a public Beancount ledger.
Return on Net Assets (RONA): How to Tell If Your Equipment and Inventory Are Earning Their Keep
Return on Net Assets (RONA = Net Income ÷ Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital) measures whether the equipment, vehicles, and inventory a business owns are actually generating profit. Includes a worked example, rough benchmarks (above 5% acceptable, above 20% outstanding), and how RONA differs from ROA and ROE for capital-intensive small businesses.
Microsoft FY2026 Earnings: The $133B Profit Machine Now Spends $116B a Year on AI Infrastructure
Microsoft's FY2026: $331.8B revenue (+18%), a record $133.7B net income, Azure past $100B, and $115.9B of AI capex — nearly 35% of revenue — broken down as an auditable plain-text Beancount ledger.
The Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio): The Liquidity Number Lenders Trust More Than Your Current Ratio
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) measures whether a business can cover current liabilities using only cash, marketable securities, and receivables — deliberately excluding inventory and prepaid expenses. Covers the formula with a worked example, why loan covenants often set a quick-ratio minimum instead of a current-ratio one, why 1.0 is the textbook benchmark but fast-turn retailers healthily run 0.3–0.4, and the mistakes that make the ratio misleading.
Asset Coverage Ratio: The Solvency Number Lenders Check Before You Ever See a Term Sheet
The asset coverage ratio measures whether tangible assets could repay total debt in a liquidation — [(total assets − intangibles) − (current liabilities − short-term debt)] ÷ total debt. Below 1.0 is a red flag, 2.0 is a common healthy benchmark, and lenders often write a minimum ACR into loan covenants that can trigger technical default.
Alphabet Q2 2026: A $99B Paper Gain, 82% Cloud Growth, and the End of the Buyback Era
Alphabet's Q2 2026 revenue was $119.8B (+24% YoY) and net income hit $112.2B (+298%), but roughly $99.0B of that was a non-cash gain on equity securities that the cash flow statement backs right out, leaving operating cash flow at just $39.1B. Google Cloud grew 82% to a ~$99B run-rate at a 35.6% operating margin, while Alphabet halted stock buybacks and raised ~$70B via common stock, its first-ever preferred, and debt to fund a $44.9B capex quarter that turned free cash flow negative. The FY2022–Q2 2026 Beancount ledger shows long-term debt climbing from $10.9B to $98.2B.
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, Explained: Is That New Equipment Actually Pulling Its Weight?
The fixed asset turnover ratio — net sales divided by average net fixed assets — measures revenue generated per dollar of PP&E. Capital-intensive businesses typically run 1–3, asset-light ones 5+, and the trend matters more than the level. Here's how to calculate it, benchmark it, and avoid the bookkeeping errors that distort it.
Inventory Turnover Ratio Explained: Formula, Industry Benchmarks, and How to Improve It
Inventory turnover ratio = COGS ÷ average inventory, and it shows how many times a business sells through its stock each year. This guide covers the formula, converting turnover to days sales of inventory, industry benchmarks from 2–4 turns (industrial parts) to 10–20+ (grocery), and why slow-moving stock costs 20–30% of its value annually to hold.
The Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio): The One Number That Catches a Cash Crunch Before It Happens
The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) strips inventory and prepaid expenses from current assets to test whether cash, receivables, and marketable securities alone can cover current liabilities. Includes the formula, a worked example where a 2.5 current ratio hides a 1.0 quick ratio, industry benchmarks, and the aged-receivables blind spot.
Contribution Margin Explained: The Number That Tells You Whether a Sale Is Worth Making
Contribution margin is sales revenue minus variable costs — the per-unit number that drives pricing, break-even analysis, and product-mix decisions. Learn the formula, how it differs from gross margin, common calculation mistakes, and typical ratios by industry (70–90% for software, 25–50% for manufacturing).
Return on Invested Capital: The One Number That Tells You If Your Business Is Actually Worth Running
ROIC measures how efficiently a business turns debt and equity into after-tax operating profit — NOPAT divided by invested capital. Learn the formula, why it beats ROI and ROE, the WACC benchmark that separates value creators from value destroyers, and the five calculation mistakes owners make most.
Sustainable Growth Rate Explained: How Fast Your Business Can Grow Without New Debt or Equity
The sustainable growth rate (SGR = retention rate × ROE) sets the maximum revenue growth a business can fund from its own profits without new debt or equity, with most healthy companies landing between 10% and 25% a year.