#fixed-assets
Accounting for long-term tangible assets including equipment, vehicles, furniture, and property
Since 2018, trading in a business vehicle is a taxable sale, not a tax-free swap — the trade allowance minus your adjusted basis is gain, depreciation is recaptured as ordinary income on Form 4797, and the new vehicle's depreciable basis is its full cost.
A roller rink is six businesses under one roof — admissions, rentals, parties, concessions, lessons, arcade — and blending them into one revenue line hides which ones pay for the building. How to track each stream, handle admissions tax, capitalize a ~$37,600 skate fleet, book party deposits as liabilities, and fund the annual floor recoat at $0.50–$2.50 per square foot.
A water conditioning dealership runs four businesses on four different clocks — equipment installs, salt delivery, service plans, and rentals. Split them into separate income accounts, defer prepaid service revenue under ASC 606, accrue a warranty reserve at 2–5% of equipment sales under ASC 460, and capitalize rental units over a 7–10 year life instead of expensing them.
A crane rental company is three businesses sharing one yard — equipment, labor, and logistics. This guide covers 5-year MACRS treatment for cranes, the $2.5M Section 179 limit and permanent 100% bonus depreciation, splitting bare from operated rental in the chart of accounts, per-lift job costing including mobilization, and the utilization math behind an idle fleet that can cost $209,000 a year.
Event rental fleet is a depreciable fixed asset, not COGS; booking deposits, damage holds, and forfeitures uses deferred-revenue and refundable-liability accounts, and cycle-counting shrinkage as its own line keeps 8–12% linen loss from silently eating your margin.
How to book a cold plunge and sauna recovery studio from presale to full capacity — founding-member cash held as deferred revenue under ASC 606, a $110,000–$250,000 build-out split between Section 179 equipment and 15-year qualified improvement property, and the three utilization KPIs (plunge occupancy, revenue per plunge-hour, churn by wait-time cohort) that show whether another chiller pays.
Wind and solar had to begin construction by July 4, 2026 — but a facility placed in service by December 31, 2027 still qualifies for 45Y/48E, a vacated IRS notice restored the 5% safe harbor, and storage, geothermal, and fuel cells remain eligible through 2033.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act ended the Section 45W Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit — the lesser of 15% of basis (30% for pure EVs) or incremental cost, capped at $7,500 under 14,000 lbs GVWR and $40,000 at or above — for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025, along with the 30D and 25E credits. Only the Section 30C refueling-property credit survives, for property placed in service through June 30, 2026. Covers the acquisition-date and written-binding-contract tests that decide whether a vehicle you ordered still qualifies, how a fleet EV pencils out on total cost of ownership without federal money, and the Section 179, bonus depreciation, and per-VIN asset records that replace it.
A practical guide to truffle orchard accounting — why a 5- to 10-year preproductive period triggers Section 263A capitalization, when the small-farmer election lets you expense instead, how to track costs by block, and when a block becomes productive and starts 10-year depreciation.
2026 bonus is 40% under current law — $32K on an $80K machine, not $80K — unless OBBBA restores 100% retroactively; here's how to model the swing vs. Section 179 and keep the ledger straight.
Return on Net Assets (RONA = Net Income ÷ Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital) measures whether the equipment, vehicles, and inventory a business owns are actually generating profit. Includes a worked example, rough benchmarks (above 5% acceptable, above 20% outstanding), and how RONA differs from ROA and ROE for capital-intensive small businesses.
A tow truck over 14,000 lbs GVWR can often be fully expensed under Section 179 the year it's placed in service — but only if the depreciation schedule starts that year. How towing companies should separate tow, impound, and lien-sale revenue, reconcile lot logs monthly, and price compliance costs into every job.
