#cost-of-goods-sold
Cost of Goods Sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
Billiards and Pool Hall Bookkeeping: Table Time, League Revenue, and Bar Margin
Pool halls run three distinct revenue streams with different margins and accounting treatment, and league or tournament fees collected in advance are deferred revenue, not income, until the season is actually played.
Custom Guitar Luthier Shop Bookkeeping: Why Your Wood Rack Isn't Inventory and Your Deposits Aren't Revenue
Custom guitar luthiers should book customer deposits as a liability (deferred revenue) until delivery, track each tonewood set's acquisition cost and CITES paperwork individually rather than by replacement value, and use job-based WIP tracking to compare actual labor hours against a typical 40-80 hour build estimate.
GMROI Explained: The Gross Margin Return on Inventory Investment Formula and 2026 Benchmarks
GMROI measures gross profit generated per dollar of average inventory cost; a GMROI above 3.0 is generally strong, below 1.0 means inventory is destroying margin dollars, and typical category ranges run from 1.2 in grocery to 6.5+ in electronics.
Grain Elevator Bookkeeping: Storage Fees, Basis Trades, and Deferred-Price Contracts Explained
Grain elevator bookkeeping separates elevator-owned inventory from bailment grain held for producers, tracks basis and deferred-price (NPE) contracts as distinct liabilities, and recognizes storage fees as service revenue earned over time rather than as a sale.
Leather Goods Maker Bookkeeping: Why Your Real Material Cost Isn't What You Paid Per Hide
A 50-square-foot hide costing $450 landed with a 64% yield rate has a real material cost of $14.06 per usable square foot, not the $9.00 the invoice implies — the gap driving margin surprises as 2026 tariffs and a shrinking U.S. cattle herd push leather prices up roughly 22%.
LLM API Costs Are COGS, Not Overhead: A Gross Margin Guide for AI Wrappers
LLM inference is a variable cost of delivering your product, not software overhead — ICONIQ's 2026 data puts AI product gross margins at a 52% industry average, well below the 70-80% typical of traditional SaaS.
Reupholstery Shop Bookkeeping: Bench-Time Costing and the Overhead Trap
A wingback chair takes 7-8 yards of fabric and a sofa 15-22, but shops that price by materials plus a flat labor guess routinely underbill by 20-30% because the fully burdened labor rate and per-job overhead never get calculated — only the fabric receipt does.
Virtual Medical Scribe Agency Bookkeeping: Billing, Provider Shifts, and the BAA You Can't Invoice Without
A virtual medical scribe agency needs a signed Business Associate Agreement before billing a single shift, and its pricing model — hourly, monthly subscription, or per-encounter — determines when revenue should be recognized and how the chart of accounts should be structured.
Indoor Skydiving Wind Tunnel Facility Bookkeeping: A Financial Guide
A recirculating wind tunnel costs $7-10 million to build, and running one full-speed at 230 km/h can draw over 570 kW, making electricity, not rent or payroll, the largest line item on most indoor skydiving facilities' income statements.
Meal Prep Delivery Bookkeeping: Why Your COGS Might Secretly Be Over 100% of Revenue
Meal prep and meal-kit subscriptions must defer prepaid revenue until meals are delivered and roll packaging, delivery, labor, and spoilage into COGS — early-stage operators who skip this often find total COGS above 55%, sometimes exceeding 100% of revenue on specific SKUs.
Mobile Car Detailing Bookkeeping: Chemical COGS, Mileage, and Equipment Depreciation
A $150 mobile detail costs $15-$20 in chemicals plus fuel, equipment wear, and unbilled quote time; tracking cost-per-job, the 72.5-cent 2026 IRS mileage rate, Section 179 equipment write-offs, and profit-per-drive-hour reveals whether a detailing business is actually as profitable as its revenue suggests.
Shoe Repair & Cobbler Shop Bookkeeping: Job Costing, Materials, and Tax Guide
U.S. shoe repair revenue is roughly $315.6 million and shrinking about 2% a year since 2020, yet job costing, split inventory tracking, and correct sales-tax treatment of repair labor are what let surviving cobbler shops price resoles profitably and diversify into leather goods and wholesale work.