Beancount 速查表 - 快速参考指南

账户结构

账户类型和正负号

类型          正负号    示例
------------------------------------------------
资产        (+)     Assets:US:BofA:Checking
负债        (-)     Liabilities:Credit:Amex
收入        (-)     Income:Salary:Gross
支出        (+)     Expenses:Food:Restaurant
权益        (-)     Equity:Opening-Balances

货币格式

# 金融
USD, EUR, CAD, AUD     # 标准货币
GOOG, AAPL, VTI       # 投资工具
BTC, ETH              # 加密货币

# 自定义追踪
HOURS                 # 时间追踪
AIRMILES             # 奖励积分
HOME_MAYST           # 房产

指令语法

账户管理

# 开立账户
2024-01-01 open Assets:Checking            # 简单
2024-01-01 open Assets:Investing USD,GOOG  # 带约束

# 关闭账户
2024-12-31 close Assets:Old:Account

货币声明

2024-01-01 commodity VTSAX
    name: "Vanguard Total Stock Market Index"
    asset-class: "equity"

交易记录

# 基本交易
2024-01-15 * "Grocery Store" "Weekly shopping"
    Assets:Checking     -100.00 USD
    Expenses:Food:Groceries

# 带有元数据和标签
2024-01-15 * "Restaurant" "Business dinner" #work ^invoice-123
    id: "T-1234"
    receipt: "path/to/receipt.pdf"
    Expenses:Meals      80.00 USD
    Liabilities:Credit

过账规范

# 基本金额
Assets:Cash              100.00 USD

# 成本基础追踪
Assets:Invest:VTSAX      10 VTSAX {100.00 USD}        # 单价
Assets:Invest:VTSAX      10 VTSAX {{1000.00 USD}}     # 总成本
Assets:Invest:VTSAX      10 VTSAX {100.00 # 9.95 USD} # 带费用

# 价格规范
Assets:Forex            1000.00 USD @ 0.85 EUR        # 单价
Assets:Forex            1000.00 USD @@ 850.00 EUR     # 总价

# 有日期的批次
Assets:Invest:VTSAX      10 VTSAX {100.00 USD, 2024-01-15}

余额验证

# 余额断言
2024-01-31 balance Assets:Checking  1000.00 USD

# 余额填充
2024-01-01 pad Assets:Checking Equity:Opening-Balances

元数据追踪

# 笔记附件
2024-01-15 note Assets:Checking "Called bank about fee"

# 文档链接
2024-01-15 document Assets:Checking "path/to/statement.pdf"

# 价格记录
2024-01-15 price VTSAX  100.00 USD

事件记录

# 位置追踪
2024-01-15 event "location" "New York, USA"

# 属性变更
2024-01-15 event "address" "123 Main Street"

标签管理

# 标签范围控制
pushtag #vacation
2024-01-15 * "Hotel"
    Expenses:Travel:Lodging   200.00 USD
    Assets:Credit
poptag #vacation

配置选项

# 基本设置
option "title" "Personal Finance Ledger"
option "operating_currency" "USD"

# 账户命名
option "name_assets" "Assets"
option "name_liabilities" "Liabilities"
option "name_income" "Income"
option "name_expenses" "Expenses"
option "name_equity" "Equity"

# 文档处理
option "documents" "/path/to/docs"

注释和组织

; 单行注释

* Section Header
** Subsection
; Transaction block follows...

; Account grouping
; Assets
2024-01-15 ...

; Expenses
2024-01-16 ...

本参考提供了 Beancount 语法元素的完整概述以及实用示例。