#entrepreneurship
Финансови насоки и счетоводни съвети за предприемачи и стартъпи
A Quality of Earnings report normalizes a company's earnings, reconciles them to cash, and tests every add-back. Sellers who commission their own QoE averaged a 7.4x EBITDA multiple versus 7.0x for those who did not.
Section 195 and Section 248 let founders deduct the first $5,000 of startup costs and the first $5,000 of organizational costs in year one, with the remainder amortized over 180 months. A guide to the $50,000 phase-out, the deemed election, and the mistakes that forfeit the deduction for LLCs, partnerships, and corporations.
A practical walkthrough of IRC Section 7701(b) for globally mobile founders — the 31-day floor, the weighted three-year 183-day formula, exempt-individual rules, the closer connection exception (Form 8840), and treaty tie-breakers (Form 8833) — with a worked example showing how 130 U.S. days in 2026 can trigger worldwide taxation.
Kickstarter and Indiegogo proceeds are business income reported on Schedule C, while GoFundMe donations may be tax-free gifts only if they pass the IRS detached and disinterested generosity test. The OBBBA reset the Form 1099-K threshold to $20,000 and 200 transactions for tax year 2026, but the reporting rule does not change what counts as taxable income.
Section 351 lets founders incorporate without immediate tax only if the transferor group owns 80% of voting power and every non-voting class right after the exchange. Miss the control test, contribute services instead of property, or assume liabilities greater than basis, and the gain surfaces anyway. A practical playbook covering boot, the Section 357(c) trap, basis carryover under Sections 358 and 362, and how to preserve QSBS eligibility under Section 1202.
A Statutory Notice of Deficiency gives a small business 90 days to petition the U.S. Tax Court before the IRS assesses additional tax. This guide explains the CP3219A deadline, Form 5564 waiver, S-case election, and the four realistic responses every owner should weigh.
Section 1045 lets non-corporate taxpayers defer capital gains from a QSBS sale by reinvesting proceeds into new qualifying small business stock within 60 days. After the 2025 OBBBA expansion (75M gross assets cap, tiered 50/75/100 percent exclusion at 3/4/5 years), the rollover can convert a missed Section 1202 exclusion into a deferred, and potentially excluded, gain.
Track the SaaS metrics that win term sheets in 2026: LTV, CAC, NRR, churn, CAC payback, and Rule of 40. Includes benchmarks and calculation traps to avoid.
Foreign owners of US single-member LLCs must file Form 5472 by April 15, 2026, even with zero revenue. A capital contribution as small as $1 triggers the requirement, and a missed filing carries a $25,000 minimum penalty plus uncapped $25,000 continuation fees every 30 days after IRS notice.
A working guide to Rollover as Business Startup (ROBS) arrangements — the five required steps, why only a C corporation qualifies, the Form 5500 and prohibited-transaction rules, IRS-documented failure rates, and when alternatives like SBA loans or 401(k) participant loans make more sense.
Form 5471 carries automatic $10,000-per-corporation initial penalties capped at $60,000 per year for U.S. persons who own, control, or serve as officers of foreign corporations. Covers the five filing categories, modular schedules, GILTI's rename to NCTI for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, and the Streamlined and Delinquent Submission routes back into compliance.
A SAFE is a contract granting future equity with no maturity or interest, while a convertible note is a loan with 4–8% interest and an 18–24 month maturity that becomes due if no priced round closes — and Y Combinator's 2018 post-money SAFE locks each investor's ownership at Investment ÷ Cap, dilution that hits founders, not prior SAFE holders.
