#bad-debt
Estimate, write off, and recover uncollectible accounts receivable
A bounced check reverses the deposit and reopens the receivable — book the NSF fee as its own expense and apply the redeposit to the invoice, never to revenue.
US private lending: business-purpose loans escape licensing and usury caps only if documented so, points count as interest, and IRS Section 166 rules bad debt.
Montenegro's 2026 VAT amendments let you reclaim output VAT on uncollectible invoices — but only with a court decision, and only if you sued first.
A 2025 Intuit QuickBooks survey found 56% of small businesses carry unpaid invoices, averaging $17,500 owed. Here is the full small claims path — demand letter, state dollar limits, naming the right defendant, evidence packet, and the levies and liens that turn a judgment into cash.
GAAP requires the allowance method while the IRS requires direct write-off under Section 166, so most accrual-basis businesses run both and reconcile the difference. This guide gives the journal entries for each, three ways to estimate the reserve (percentage of credit sales, an aging schedule, specific identification), and the five collection KPIs — DSO, CEI, current-bucket share, bad debt to sales, and average days delinquent — that reveal when a reserve has drifted from reality.
P2P lending interest arrives on Form 1099-OID net of platform servicing fees, so those fees are never deducted separately; a defaulted note is usually a nonbusiness bad debt, deductible only when totally worthless and only as a short-term capital loss capped at $3,000 of ordinary income per year.
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act covers consumer debt collected by third parties, so it does not govern a business chasing its own overdue B2B invoices — contract law, UCC Article 2, and state unfair-practice statutes do. This guide explains the two FDCPA tests most commercial receivables fail, and gives a five-step recovery sequence from contract clauses and a follow-up cadence through demand letter, small claims or a 15–40% contingency agency, and judgment enforcement.
Most week-to-week rent-to-own agreements are operating leases, not credit sales — the unit stays on your books as depreciating rental inventory, each payment splits into lease revenue, bundled services, and fees, and a repossession is a status change rather than a gain or loss. Covers lease-versus-sale classification, repossession entries, doubtful-rent allowances, and the payout math that decides whether a unit makes money.
How to keep accurate books for a self-storage facility — reconciling manager deposits against software batch reports, applying lien-sale proceeds (which recover roughly 39 cents on the dollar) against receivables instead of booking them as income, spreading annual property taxes across months, and tracking economic occupancy and RevPAF instead of raw occupancy.
How buy-here-pay-here dealers should book installment notes receivable, separate unearned finance charges from vehicle-sale revenue, reserve for repossessions on portfolios where ~78% of loan volume is subprime, and structure a Related Finance Company that survives an IRS audit — plus why accrual accounting and year-of-sale gain recognition are mandatory for dealer inventory.
On July 15, 2026, a Texas bankruptcy court confirmed QVC Group's prepackaged Chapter 11 plan, cutting debt from $6.6 billion to $1.325 billion while classifying vendors as unimpaired — 'paid in full or reinstated.' Here's what that classification actually means for wholesale suppliers, how to split pre-petition and post-petition receivables, when (not) to book a bad-debt allowance, and how to model the cash-flow risk of a customer in restructuring.
An AR aging report sorts unpaid invoices into current, 1–30, 31–60, 61–90, and 90+ day buckets so you can spot cash flow risk early. Healthy businesses keep 70–80% of receivables in the first two buckets; collection odds drop below 70% past 90 days. Here's how to read the buckets, run a weekly collections workflow, and turn the report into a cash forecast.
