#multi-currency
Multi-currency accounting, foreign exchange gains and losses, period-end revaluation, and functional currency considerations
Form 6166 is the IRS-issued certificate of U.S. tax residency that unlocks reduced foreign withholding under bilateral tax treaties. Apply with Form 8802 — $85 for individuals, $185 for entities — and one filing covers unlimited countries and certificates, often saving five or six figures per cross-border contract.
Form 6166 is the IRS letter that lets U.S. taxpayers claim treaty rates on foreign royalties, dividends, and services. This guide walks through the Form 8802 application, eligibility rules, common rejection traps, and the timing required to get withholding right at the source.
A side-by-side guide to Form 1116 (Foreign Tax Credit) and Form 2555 (Foreign Earned Income Exclusion) for expats and cross-border workers in 2026 — the $132,900 FEIE cap, the five-year revocation lock-in, the FTC stacking rule, and a worked example showing when each one actually saves money.
How non-willful US taxpayers use the IRS Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures to catch up on FBAR, Form 8938, and three years of late returns—zero penalty under SFOP for taxpayers abroad, a one-time 5% miscellaneous offshore penalty under SDOP for domestic filers, plus what the non-willfulness certification must demonstrate.
A Section 962 election lets US individual owners of a controlled foreign corporation be taxed on GILTI/NCTI at corporate rates, cutting the effective US rate from up to 37% to roughly 12.6% in 2026. The OBBBA reduced the Section 250 deduction to 40%, eliminated the QBAI carve-out, and raised the indirect foreign tax credit cap from 80% to 90% — but PTEP rules can still trigger a second layer of US tax when earnings are eventually distributed.
How small businesses record foreign exchange gains and losses under US GAAP (ASC 830) and IRC Section 988, with sample journal entries, realized vs. unrealized treatment, period-end revaluation, and a practical monthly close workflow.
