#internal-controls
Internal Controls
Systems and procedures that safeguard assets, ensure accurate records, and prevent fraud
Demurrage and Detention Invoice Controls: A 30-Day Checklist for Importers Before Paying Port Charges
Nine major ocean carriers collected roughly $15.4 billion in detention and demurrage charges between April 2020 and March 2025. This checklist explains what the FMC's 46 CFR Part 541 billing rule requires on every invoice, the five controls to run before approving a port charge, and a 30-day workflow for disputing questionable fees and recording accepted versus disputed amounts in your books.
Form 8809 for Information Returns: How Small Businesses Get a 30-Day Extension to File 1099s and Other Forms
Form 8809 can give small businesses an extra 30 days to file many information returns, but it does not extend recipient statements. Learn the deadlines, 1099-NEC exceptions, e-file rules, and bookkeeping controls that keep the request valid.
Gift Card Breakage and Unclaimed Property: A Retailer's Practical Guide
An unredeemed gift card stays a customer liability until the facts support otherwise. This guide shows retailers how to book gift cards as deferred revenue, reconcile balances monthly, recognize breakage as a defensible estimate, and preserve the card-level data that state unclaimed-property (escheatment) filings require.
Government Contractor Bookkeeping: A Practical Cost-Reimbursement Readiness Guide
A step-by-step readiness guide for cost-reimbursement contractors—how to build a traceable chart of accounts, run labor charging as a daily control, calculate indirect rates, and produce an invoice package reproducible from your books, with a 60-day plan.
Purchasing Card Controls for Small Teams: Keep Spending Fast and Accountable
A practical control framework for small-team purchasing cards—role-based limits, same-day receipt capture, weekly reconciliation, and independent review—so fast spending stays documented and auditable.
QR-Code Payment Scams: Protect Your Accounts Payable and Checkout Controls
QR-code phishing (quishing) can redirect a vendor payment or capture a customer's card by swapping one image. The defenses are ordinary bookkeeping controls—verify the vendor master, separate approval from payment release, and reconcile QR channels daily.
Related-Party Disclosures Under ASC 850: When Paying Your Spouse's LLC Needs a Footnote
ASC 850 requires four things in the footnote for every material related-party transaction — the nature of the relationship, a description, dollar amounts for each period presented, and any change in how terms were set — and it applies even when the price is fair. This guide identifies who counts as a related party for a small business (10%+ owners, officers, immediate family, and entities they control), shows a model two-paragraph footnote, and gives a 10-step year-end checklist plus a Beancount account structure that turns disclosure into a query.
When Your EIN Gets Stolen: A Small Business Guide to IRS Letters 5263C, 6042C, and Business Identity Theft
IRS Letter 6042C verifies a specific business return; Letter 5263C verifies the entity itself on file from Form SS-4, and both carry a 30-day response window that, if missed, stalls your returns, refunds, and overpayment applications. This guide explains how thieves obtain an EIN, the tax and non-tax red flags that signal fraud, exactly what to fax back in each case, when Form 8822-B is required within 60 days of a responsible-party change, and a monthly-quarterly-annual monitoring routine that catches misuse early.
Parking Garage and Valet Bookkeeping: Reconciling Five Revenue Streams and the 30-Day Client Float
A parking operator's chart of accounts and close process — how to separate transient, monthly permit, corporate, valet, and event revenue, book monthly permits as deferred revenue, back parking tax out of tax-inclusive rates, and hold at least 1.5× one month's gross client collections before signing a management agreement with 30-day remittance terms.
Law Firm Trust Accounting: Why a Three-Way IOLTA Reconciliation Is Your Best Defense Against Bar Discipline
A three-way reconciliation proves the bank statement, trust ledger, and every individual client ledger agree to the penny. It is the monthly process that keeps a pooled IOLTA account compliant with ABA Model Rule 1.15 and out of bar discipline.
How to Stop Deepfake Invoice Fraud: An AP/AR Prevention Guide for Small Businesses
Deepfake fraud cost Arup $25.6 million in one faked video call, and voice cloning now needs just three seconds of audio. This guide shows small businesses how callback verification, two-person approval for banking changes, and periodic vendor-file cleanup stop synthetic vendors, cloned executive voices, and doctored invoices.
How a Trailer Manufacturer's Bankruptcy Shows What Happens When Nobody Is Watching the Books
A Georgia trailer manufacturer's 2026 Chapter 11 filing traces partly to alleged employee theft discovered in 2024. Businesses under 100 employees suffer a median fraud loss of $141,000 per ACFE data — here are the segregation-of-duties controls that catch theft early, and why an auditable ledger matters.