#financial-ratios
Key financial ratios like ROA, ROE, and profitability metrics for measuring business performance
A 50% markup is a 33.3% margin, not a 50% margin — markup divides profit by cost, margin divides it by selling price. This guide gives the conversion formulas, a reference table, and shows how the mix-up quietly costs small businesses thousands.
A 2026 reference for SaaS founders on calculating MRR and ARR, decomposing the five-bucket recurring-revenue waterfall, interpreting NRR/GRR, and reconciling subscription metrics to GAAP revenue under ASC 606.
The Rule of 40 says a healthy SaaS company's revenue growth rate plus profit margin should clear 40%. This guide covers how to calculate it, which margin metric to use, 2026 benchmarks (median score around 12%), the Rule of X variant, and when the rule does not apply.
Loan covenants—DSCR, fixed charge coverage, tangible net worth, and leverage limits—can put a small business borrower in default while every payment is current. A practical breakdown of affirmative, negative, and financial covenants, cure periods, waiver requests, and what to negotiate before signing a credit agreement.
AR Days (DSO) measures how long it takes to collect on credit sales. A practical guide to the formula, industry benchmarks from 1–5 days for retail to 70–120 days for construction, common calculation errors, and seven tactics that reduce collection time.
Days Payable Outstanding measures the average number of days a company takes to pay suppliers. This guide covers the DPO formula (Average AP ÷ COGS × Days), industry benchmarks from 15 to 70 days, the 37% annualized return from 2/10 net 30 discounts, and seven strategies to optimize payment cycles without damaging vendor relationships.
The sales-to-AR ratio measures the share of revenue stuck in unpaid invoices. This guide explains how to calculate it, what good looks like by industry, and how to drive it down within one or two quarters.
Days Sales Outstanding measures the average days it takes to collect on credit sales. This guide covers the DSO formula, 2026 industry benchmarks from 7 to 90 days, and concrete tactics to shorten the cash collection cycle.
Days Sales Outstanding measures the average days between a credit sale and cash collected. This guide covers the DSO formula, industry benchmarks (30-45 days is typical, single digits for e-commerce, 60-90 for construction), common miscalculations, and seven practical levers to lower it.
Your income statement reveals whether your business model actually works—not just whether the bank balance is positive. Learn every line item from revenue to net income, how to calculate all three profit margins, and how to spot cost trends before they compound.
Revenue is one of the least useful indicators of business health. This guide walks through 10 diagnostic questions—covering gross margin, current ratio, DSCR, AR turnover, and more—that reveal whether your business is actually on solid financial footing.
Learn how to calculate gross, operating, and net profit margins, what counts as a healthy margin by industry, and six proven strategies to improve your bottom line.
