Custom Farming Bookkeeping: How to Set Per-Acre Rates That Actually Cover Your Machinery Costs
Iowa State pegs 2026 combining near $49.88 per acre. Price custom farming from ownership cost per engine hour, and split IRS Schedule F from Schedule C.
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Agricultural tax rules for farmers and ranchers, including Schedule F income reporting, crop insurance deferrals, livestock sales, conservation deductions, and farm-specific income averaging
Alpaca Fiber Farm Bookkeeping: Grade the Fleece, Depreciate the Herd, and Price Yarn Like a Business
Purchased alpaca breeding stock depreciates over 5 years (Section 179 eligible); raised crias have zero basis. Grade fleece by micron and file on Schedule F.
Goat Dairy and Microdairy Bookkeeping: Pricing Milk, Cheese, and Soap From One Herd
A goat microdairy earns on a lactation curve but pays on a calendar. This guide shows how to keep separate enterprise books for fluid milk, cheese, and soap — using extension budgets of 1,650–1,800 lb of milk per doe per year, retail goat milk near $18 a gallon, the 10-pounds-of-milk-per-pound-of-cheese rule, and FDA's line between soap and a cosmetic claim.
Custom Harvest Crew Bookkeeping: Pricing Per-Acre Work, Costing the Road, and Depreciating a $500,000 Combine
How a custom combine harvest crew builds a per-acre rate from its own fuel, labor, repair, depreciation and transport costs instead of the neighbor's price, tracks road expenses like crew housing, lowboy moves, rain days and IFTA reporting, handles seasonal and H-2A payroll, and depreciates a $500,000 combine as 7-year MACRS property using Section 179 and 100% bonus depreciation.
Urban Farm and Market Garden Bookkeeping: Know Your Profit Per Crop
How small growers keep books that answer "which crop made money?" — Schedule F expense categories, why cash accounting fits a market garden, the March 1 / January 15 farmer estimated-tax rule, the farm optional method for Social Security credits, and per-enterprise cost allocation by bed-feet and labor hours.
Agrivoltaics Bookkeeping: Splitting Solar Lease, Crop, and Grazing Income Into Three Ledger Lines
Agrivoltaics can pay a farmer $900–$1,500 per acre in solar lease rent on top of crop and grazing income, each taxed differently. Here is how to book all three streams as separate ledger lines to protect your Schedule F, agricultural assessment, and self-employment-tax boundaries.
Crop-Share vs. Cash-Rent Farm Leases: Who Bears the Risk, Who Pays the Tax, and How to Keep the Books
Cash rent lands on Schedule E with no self-employment tax, but a crop-share landlord who pays half the inputs and advises the tenant can trip the material-participation test and owe 15.3 percent on Schedule F. How each lease splits yield, price, and input-cost risk, with a worked 160-acre example and the settlement records both landlord and tenant need.
Wild Rice Harvester Bookkeeping: How to Manage an Unpredictable Harvest Window
Natural wild rice has a fixed August 15–September 30 season and a 9 a.m.–3 p.m. daily harvest window, so its bookkeeping must separate harvest, processing, inventory, and deferred customer deposits. This guide shows how to build a crop-based chart of accounts, treat preorders as a liability until earned, reconcile buyer settlements, and run a weekly cash check.
Hiring Farm Workers in 2026: Form 943, the $150 and $2,500 Tests, and Why Farm Payroll Files Once a Year
Farm payroll doesn't use Form 941. Learn how Form 943's annual filing, the $150 per-worker and $2,500 aggregate cash-wage tests for FICA and withholding, and the separate $20,000 FUTA threshold work in 2026, plus the bookkeeping split that keeps farm and nonfarm liabilities off the wrong return.
Truffle Orchard Bookkeeping: Capitalizing a 5-to-10-Year Preproductive Period for a Crop the USDA Doesn't Even Classify Yet
A practical guide to truffle orchard accounting — why a 5- to 10-year preproductive period triggers Section 263A capitalization, when the small-farmer election lets you expense instead, how to track costs by block, and when a block becomes productive and starts 10-year depreciation.
Cotton Gin Bookkeeping: Costing the Per-Bale Ginning Fee, Cottonseed Byproduct Revenue, and Module Truck Hauling
USDA's latest survey put average ginning cost at $49.31 per bale in 2022, up 106% in three years. This guide shows how a cotton gin should structure its books — unbundling the per-bale ginning fee into receiving, drying, pressing, and bagging cost centers, booking cottonseed (15–20% of per-bale gross revenue) as a separate product line, and breaking module truck hauling out as its own transportation charge.
Craft Malting House Bookkeeping: Grain Inventory That Shrinks, Contract Growing, and a Year-Long Cash Cycle
Craft maltsters lose 10–20% of raw barley weight during steeping, germination, and kilning, pay farmers 3–4× feed-grain prices under multi-season contracts, and can wait over a year between buying grain and selling malt. Here's how to handle yield-ratio costing, contract-growing arrangements, and working-capital planning for a malthouse.