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Plain-text accounting insights, tutorials, and updates from the Beancount.io team.

Brazil's Dual-VAT Reform Is Quietly Pushing Small Businesses Out of Simples Nacional: A B2B Seller's Guide to the New IBS/CBS Credit Chain

Brazil's IBS/CBS dual VAT replaces five consumption taxes, and a Simples Nacional supplier now passes on a smaller input credit than a regular-regime competitor quoting the same price. A guide to the September 30 and November 1, 2026 deadlines, the 2027 end of cash-basis Simples, and what the credit chain changes in B2B pricing and bookkeeping.

Running an AI Red-Teaming Consultancy: Bookkeeping for $8K-to-$150K Engagements and Monthly Retainers

AI red-teaming firms bill two ways — $8,000-to-$150,000 project engagements and $1,500-to-$15,000 monthly retainers — and the books must keep them apart. A practical guide to the chart of accounts, ASC 606 treatment of deposits and milestones, per-engagement job costing, utilization and realization targets, 13-week cash forecasting, and contractor tax compliance.

401(k) Forfeiture Accounts: The 12-Month Deadline for Unvested Match Dollars

When an employee quits before the employer match vests, the unvested dollars land in the plan's forfeiture account. The IRS's proposed rule would give sponsors 12 months after the plan year closes to use them — on plan expenses, on reducing future employer contributions, or by reallocating to participants — and stale multi-year suspense balances are already a standard audit finding.

Working While Collecting Social Security in 2026: What the Earnings Test Takes From Your Checks

In 2026 the Social Security retirement earnings test withholds $1 of benefits for every $2 earned above $24,480 before full retirement age, and $1 for every $3 above $65,160 in the year you reach FRA. Wages and net self-employment profit count; pensions, IRA withdrawals, dividends, and rental income do not — and withheld benefits are credited back through a higher monthly check at FRA.

The 2½-Month Bonus Rule: Why Year-End Bonuses Must Be Paid by March 15 to Be Deductible

An accrual-basis employer can deduct year-end bonuses in the year earned only if employees actually receive the money within 2½ months after year-end — March 15 for calendar-year businesses. The deduction also requires a liability fixed by December 31 under the all-events test, and it fails for bonuses owed to related parties under Section 267 regardless of payment timing.

The $120,000 Fertility Benefit: How to Account for America's Newest Standalone Employee Benefit

A proposed federal rule would let employers offer fertility coverage as a standalone excepted benefit — like dental or vision — capped at a combined $120,000 lifetime maximum per participant and covered beneficiaries, for plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2027. Here is how the fully insured and self-funded options differ on the books, and the ledger accounts, payroll deduction codes and accumulator reports to set up before the first enrollment.

Shift4's $2,000 Annual Service and Maintenance Fee: What Landed on Your August Statement

Shift4 folded the $250-per-device Annual Program Fee and the $325-per-device Regulatory Assurance Fee (capped at $975) into one roughly $2,000 Annual Service and Maintenance Fee starting with August 2026 statements. Here is how to reconstruct your baseline, dispute it within the 30-day window, price the exit before switching, and book the charge as merchant account fees accrued at about $167 a month.