#income-statement
Understand, read, and analyze income statements and profit and loss reports
Palo Alto Networks closed FY2026 with Q4 revenue of $3.41 billion (+34%), NGS ARR of $9.10 billion (+63%), and $21.2 billion of remaining performance obligations, while the CyberArk acquisition lifted goodwill from $4.57 billion to $22.01 billion. A double-entry read of the 10-K's purchase-price allocation, the $14.76 billion deferred-revenue stock, and why GAAP operating margin fell to 6.1%.
Synopsys posted $2.477B revenue for Q3 FY2026 (+42% YoY) with GAAP diluted EPS of $2.84 against non-GAAP $3.91 — a gap bridged mostly by $402M of acquired-intangible amortization from the Ansys deal. A public Beancount ledger reconciles the print to the balance sheet, where goodwill sits at $26.8B and long-term debt is already down from $13.5B to $9.0B.
Spotify's Q2 2026 report put revenue at EUR 4.2 billion (+33.3% year over year), crossed 300 million Premium subscribers for the first time, and set a record 30.1% gross margin — while the EUR 670 million Q3 operating-income guide landed roughly EUR 80 million below consensus. Every figure is reconciled in a public Beancount ledger covering FY2021 through FY2026Q2.
Common-size analysis restates every line of a financial statement as a percentage of revenue or total assets; trend analysis indexes the same lines across years. Together they expose cost creep, margin erosion, and balance sheet drift that raw dollars hide, and they make a $2M business meaningfully comparable to a $50M peer.
A three-statement financial model links the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement so one set of assumptions flows through all three — answering whether a business is profitable and when it runs out of cash. This guide covers the seven-step build order, the three links that make the model balance, and the errors that quietly break it.
Your business pulled in $500,000 last year—but did you actually make money? Learn the critical difference between revenue and profit, the three types of profit you must track, and how to improve your margins.
