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#compliance

Compliance

Navigate regulatory compliance and maintain audit-ready financial records

Section 7701(b) Substantial Presence Test for Foreign Entrepreneurs: The 183-Day Formula, Closer Connection, and Treaty Tie-Breakers

A practical walkthrough of IRC Section 7701(b) for globally mobile founders — the 31-day floor, the weighted three-year 183-day formula, exempt-individual rules, the closer connection exception (Form 8840), and treaty tie-breakers (Form 8833) — with a worked example showing how 130 U.S. days in 2026 can trigger worldwide taxation.

Functional Expense Allocation for Nonprofits: A Practical Guide to the Statement of Functional Expenses and Form 990 Part IX

Nonprofits must report expenses by both nature and function under FASB ASU 2016-14. This guide explains the three functional categories, audit-accepted allocation methods like time-and-effort and square footage, and how to feed both the statement of functional expenses and Form 990 Part IX from one consistent system.

IOLTA and Client Trust Accounting: Three-Way Reconciliation, Earned vs. Unearned Fees, and the Mistakes That End Careers

How law firms run IOLTA accounts under ABA Model Rule 1.15 — separating earned from unearned fees, matching the bank statement to the master ledger and per-client sub-ledgers in a three-way reconciliation, and avoiding the four commingling mistakes (firm money in trust, firm expenses from trust, earned fees left in trust, one client's funds covering another's disbursement) that drive most bar discipline cases.