#compliance
Compliance
Navigate regulatory compliance and maintain audit-ready financial records
Section 45X After OBBBA: A 2026 Guide to the Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit
A per-component breakdown of Section 45X credit rates, the OBBBA phase-out schedule for wind, solar, battery, and critical minerals, the new Prohibited Foreign Entity Material Assistance Cost Ratio test, and how to claim direct pay or transferability without losing the credit to documentation gaps.
Section 531 Accumulated Earnings Tax: Justifying C-Corp Retained Earnings Above the $250,000 Bright Line
Section 531 imposes a 20% accumulated earnings tax on C-corps that retain profits beyond a $250,000 credit ($150,000 for personal service firms) without specific, feasible plans. This guide explains the Bardahl working-capital formula, the Section 534 burden-of-proof statement, and the contemporaneous documentation that defends an accumulation in IRS audit.
Section 6418: Selling Clean Energy Tax Credits to Cash Buyers
Section 6418 lets clean energy developers sell federal tax credits to unrelated corporate buyers for cash, typically at a 6 to 15 percent discount to face value. A practical guide to registration, pricing, recapture risk, the 20 percent excessive transfer penalty, and how the OBBBA preserved transferability through the rest of the decade.
Section 7702 and the Modified Endowment Contract Trap: How Overfunding Cash-Value Life Insurance Triggers LIFO Taxation and a 10% Penalty
Section 7702A's 7-pay test reclassifies overfunded cash-value life insurance as a modified endowment contract, switching lifetime distributions to LIFO ordering, taxing policy loans as ordinary income, and adding a 10% penalty before age 59½. The classification is permanent and cannot be reversed after the 60-day refund window.
Section 79 Group-Term Life Insurance: The $50,000 Tax-Free Limit, IRS Table I, and W-2 Code C
How Section 79 actually works in 2026 — the $50,000 employer-paid group-term life exclusion, the IRS Table I rates (unchanged since 1999) that turn excess coverage into W-2 Box 12 Code C imputed income, plus the straddle rule, the $2,000 dependent de minimis, and the 2% S-corp shareholder trap.
VCSP and Form 8952: Reclassify Contractors as Employees for About 1% of Back Payroll Taxes
The IRS Voluntary Classification Settlement Program lets eligible employers reclassify 1099 workers as W-2 employees for roughly 1.068% of last year's compensation, with no interest, no penalties, and no employment-tax audit of prior years on those workers.
Wage Garnishment for Employers: How to Process Withholding Orders Without Becoming Personally Liable
A payroll operations guide to wage garnishment: how to calculate disposable earnings under the CCPA, apply the correct caps for creditor, child support, IRS, and student loan orders, prioritize multiple orders on one paycheck, and keep records that hold up under audit.
ACA Forms 1094-C and 1095-C: The 2026 Compliance Playbook for Applicable Large Employers
How Applicable Large Employers file Forms 1094-C and 1095-C for the 2025 reporting year. Covers the March 2 and March 31, 2026 deadlines, the post-2024 furnishing-on-request rule, the 2026 penalty amounts ($3,340 and $5,010 per employee), the new 90-day Letter 226-J response window, and the Line 14/16 coding errors that most often trigger IRS audits.
Accountable Plan Reimbursements: The Tax-Free Way S-Corp Owners Get Paid Back for Home Office, Mileage, and Travel
An accountable plan lets an S-corp reimburse shareholder-employees tax-free for home office, mileage, internet, and travel — but only when the written plan, 60-day substantiation, and 120-day excess-return rules are followed.
COBRA Notice Deadlines for Employers: The Five Windows That Decide Whether You Owe Excise Taxes
COBRA's notice scheme runs on five deadlines — 90, 30, 14, 60, and 45 days. Miss any one and a group health plan can face a $100-per-day Section 4980B excise tax, up to $110-per-day ERISA penalties, and private lawsuits. A practical guide for plan sponsors and HR teams.
Embedded Finance and BaaS for SMB Software: How Vertical SaaS Adds Payments, Lending, and Issued Cards
Vertical SaaS platforms are layering payments, lending, and issued cards on top of their software using sponsor banks and BaaS middleware. A practical guide to the 2026 stack, realistic economics, the right sequencing, and the compliance traps that freeze programs.
ERISA Fiduciary Duties for 401(k) Plan Sponsors: Personal Liability and the 3(38) Investment Manager
ERISA Section 409 imposes personal liability on 401(k) plan fiduciaries, and the corporate veil does not shield small business owners. This guide explains the prudent-expert standard, the Tibble v. Edison duty to monitor, and how hiring a Section 3(38) investment manager shifts investment discretion — and most related liability — away from the plan sponsor.