The IRS Doesn't Need Your Books to Audit You: How Examiners Reconstruct Cash-Business Income
With missing records, the IRS rebuilds income from bank deposits, net worth, markup and unit volume — reconciled books keep the audit on specific items.
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Independent audit and assurance engagements — SOC 2, financial statement audits, internal controls testing, evidence collection, and audit readiness for service organizations and growing businesses
Brunei's BND 1 Million Tax-Free Line: What the Corporate Tax Exemption Means for Your Books
Brunei companies with turnover up to BND 1 million owe no corporate income tax but must still file by June 30 — revenue cut-off decides which side you're on.
Compilation, Review, or Audit: Which Financial Statement Service Does Your Bank Loan Actually Require?
Compilations format numbers with zero assurance, reviews add limited assurance, audits test them — match the service to your loan covenant before you pay.
The IRS Is Comparing Your PPP and EIDL Applications to Your Tax Returns: What the $200 Billion Referral Means for Legitimate Borrowers
The IRS is matching PPP and EIDL applications against filed tax returns. Reconcile 941s, amendments and revenue now — the fraud window runs ten years.
Regulation A+ Tier 2, Explained: How Your Company Can Raise Up to $75 Million From Anyone
Reg A+ Tier 2 lets companies raise up to $75M a year from anyone — if they file Form 1-A, pass a two-year audit, and keep reporting to the SEC.
Pledges Receivable Bookkeeping: How to Record Multi-Year Donor Pledges Without Failing Your Audit
Record unconditional pledges as revenue when promised, discount multi-year amounts to present value, and reserve for pledges that never arrive.
Benford's Law: The First-Digit Test That Catches Fake Invoices in Your Books
About 30% of real accounting amounts start with the digit 1 — fabricated invoices rarely do. Here's how to run a Benford first-digit test in a spreadsheet.
The 20% Accuracy Penalty: What Counts as a Substantial Understatement — and the Reasonable-Cause Defense That Removes It
The IRS adds a 20% penalty when you understate tax by more than $5,000 or 10% — substantial authority, Form 8275 disclosure, or reasonable cause removes it.
5–6% of Your Carrier Invoices Are Wrong: How Freight Audits Recover Overcharges
Roughly 5–6% of carrier bills are calculated inaccurately — match each freight invoice to its contract and BOL, then dispute overcharges within 180 days.
Loan or Capital Contribution? How to Document Shareholder Advances So the IRS Respects the Debt
Shareholder advances survive IRS scrutiny on behavior, not labels: a written note at or above the AFR, unsubordinated terms, and payments you actually make.
Why the Gap Between Your Food Truck's Cash Drawer and POS Report Is an Auditor's Favorite Red Flag
IRS and state auditors start with the gap between your POS Z report and your drawer count. Log paid-outs, deposit intact, book the rest to Cash Over and Short.
The Auditor Just Handed You Form 4564: How to Respond to an IRS Information Document Request
An IRS Form 4564 Information Document Request is a request, not a court order — answer only what's asked, keep a copy of everything, and ask for time early.