#accountable-plan
IRS accountable plans for reimbursing owners and employees tax-free under Treasury Regulation 1.62-2, including the business connection, substantiation, and return-of-excess rules, plus mileage, home office, and supply reimbursements for S corporations and small businesses
FAVR pays drivers tax-free with a fixed monthly allowance plus a per-mile rate — but it needs five drivers, 5,000 miles each, and a quarterly IRS ceiling test.
GSA's FY2027 standard per diem is $181/day — $113 lodging plus $68 M&IE from October 1. Update your accountable plan or the IRS taxes them as wages.
Employer cell phones are tax-free with no call logs under IRS Notice 2011-72 if provided for business reasons; internet needs an accountable plan and receipts.
Volunteer firefighters and EMTs are usually employees for federal tax purposes, so stipends and per-call pay are W-2 wages. Section 139B excludes up to $50 for each month of service ($600 a year) plus qualified state and local tax benefits; LOSAP awards accrue tax-deferred under an $8,000 cap for 2026 and are taxed as ordinary income on payout with no FICA; only accountable-plan reimbursements stay off the W-2.
Bringing staff back on-site changes payroll tax, benefits, and deductions at once. For 2026 the Section 132(f) exclusions are $340/month each for transit/vanpool and qualified parking, saving employers about 7.65% of every pre-tax dollar; W-2 employees can no longer deduct home-office costs, so route equipment through an accountable plan instead.
Under IRC Section 132(d), employers can exclude job tools, software, and job-related education from employee wages as working condition fringe benefits when the cost would have been deductible if the employee paid it. This guide covers the deduction test, the substantiation rules for cash reimbursements, how Section 127's $5,250 educational assistance limit differs, and a bookkeeping workflow that keeps qualifying benefits out of taxable payroll.
A $75-a-month internet stipend paid without documentation is supplemental wages — reportable in W-2 Box 1 and costing the employer roughly 7.65% in matching payroll tax on top. The same $75 is tax-free and off the W-2 under a written accountable plan meeting all three tests in Treasury Regulation 1.62-2 — business connection, substantiation within 60 days, and return of excess within 120 days. This guide covers the two IRS paths, the five mistakes that flip a plan to taxable, the separate GL accounts and payroll pay types that keep the treatment straight, and the state statutes that require reimbursement regardless of federal tax treatment.
A flat $600 monthly car allowance nets an employee roughly $410 after income and FICA taxes, while an IRS accountable plan reimburses up to 76 cents per business mile tax-free after the July 1, 2026 mid-year rate increase. Here's how taxable allowances, standard mileage reimbursement, and FAVR plans compare — and the three requirements that keep reimbursements out of taxable wages.
An accountable plan lets an S corporation reimburse owners and employees for mileage, home office, and supplies tax-free under Treasury Regulation 1.62-2. It requires three things—business connection, substantiation within 60 days, and return of excess within 120 days—and replaces the employee expense deduction the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated.
