Plain-text accounting insights, tutorials, and updates from the Beancount.io team.
How the IRS Section 263(a)-3 tangible property regulations decide what small businesses can deduct now versus capitalize over decades — with the three safe harbors ($2,500/$5,000 de minimis, the small taxpayer building rule, and routine maintenance), the BRA test, and the unit-of-property trap that drives most mistakes.
Twenty-two states now require small employers to offer retirement savings or face penalties up to $750 per employee. A practical guide to CalSavers, Illinois Secure Choice, OregonSaves, headcount thresholds, registration deadlines, exemption rules, and the compliance traps that trigger non-compliance notices in 2026.
How staffing agencies should price bill rates above fully burdened pay rates, read gross margin by placement type, and book invoice factoring without hiding the spread. Includes burden components (FICA, FUTA, SUTA, workers' comp), a placement-aware chart of accounts, and the DSO math behind payroll funding gaps.
Reg. 1.469-2(f)(6) recharacterizes net rental income from property you rent to your own active business as nonpassive while leaving rental losses passive. This guide explains the asymmetry, walks through a dentist example with a $200,000 cost segregation deduction, and shows how the Reg. 1.469-4 grouping election can collapse the rule.
Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code makes foreign-exchange gains and losses ordinary, not capital. Importers, exporters, and remote workers paid in euros or pounds get full ordinary-loss deductions with no $3,000 cap, a same-day election to convert forward-contract gains to capital, and a $200 per-transaction de minimis exception for personal travel currency.
How Section 514 of the Internal Revenue Code taxes leveraged investments held by 501(c)(3) organizations, private foundations, and self-directed IRAs — including the debt/basis percentage calculation, Form 990-T mechanics, the 12-month look-back on sale, and the Section 514(c)(9) real estate exception for schools and pension trusts.
Section 45W ended for vehicles acquired after September 30, 2025, but businesses with a binding contract and a payment by that date can still claim up to $7,500 for light EVs or $40,000 for heavy trucks in 2026 — here is how the credit is calculated, filed on Form 8936, and refunded as cash to tax-exempt fleets through elective pay.
Section 45L pays builders and developers $500 to $5,000 per energy-efficient home, but the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ends the credit for homes acquired after June 30, 2026. A practical guide to ENERGY STAR versus Zero Energy Ready certification, prevailing wage rules on multifamily, the LIHTC basis carve-out, and the Form 8908 mechanics that decide whether the credit survives audit.
Section 267 disallows losses on sales between related parties and defers deductions on accrued payments to related cash-basis payees. A practical guide to who counts as related, how constructive ownership works, the 267(d) gain offset, the 2.5-month payment safe harbor, and the bookkeeping habits that keep family businesses and partnerships audit-ready.
Section 25C's 30% federal credit for heat pumps, insulation, windows, and other home efficiency upgrades ends with the OBBBA sunset on December 31, 2025, making the 2025 return the last chance to claim up to $3,200 per household — provided you supply a valid 4-character QMID on Form 5695.
Section 139 lets employers pay employees tax-free aid after a federally declared disaster — no FICA, no W-2 reporting, no 1099, and fully deductible to the employer. The guide covers qualifying expenses, the disaster definition, the documentation that survives an audit, and a worked $54,000 example.
Section 1235 lets individual inventors and qualifying early investors treat a patent sale as long-term capital gain — even without a one-year holding period — if they transfer all substantial rights. This guide explains who qualifies as a holder, why the rule survived the TCJA carve-out for self-created intangibles, and how to draft the transfer so the IRS sees a sale rather than a royalty license.
