Plain-text accounting insights, tutorials, and updates from the Beancount.io team.
The Cash Over and Short account records the gap between expected and actual cash counts as a debit (shortage) or credit (overage), turning routine till discrepancies into a trackable, auditable pattern instead of a buried miscellaneous expense line.
A cash balance plan is an IRS-qualified defined benefit plan that lets business owners 45 and older stack $75,000 to $290,000 in additional pre-tax retirement contributions on top of a 401(k), with the trade-off being a required multi-year funding commitment and $2,000-$4,000 in annual actuarial administration costs.
Budget vs. actual (BvA) variance analysis compares planned numbers to real results every month, flags variances that cross both a dollar and percentage threshold, and turns recurring misses into a corrected forecast instead of a repeated surprise.
FASB's ASU 2023-08 requires companies to measure qualifying crypto assets like Bitcoin at fair value each reporting period, replacing the cost-less-impairment model that only ever recognized write-downs — a change now in effect for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
ASC 606 still governs AI token-based pricing, but variable consideration estimates, the right-to-invoice practical expedient, and breakage on prepaid credit packs make usage-based revenue recognition materially harder to get right than flat-rate SaaS subscriptions.
Bartering income is taxable at fair market value the moment goods or services change hands, and for sole proprietors it flows into Schedule C gross receipts and triggers 15.3% self-employment tax, even when no Form 1099-B ever arrives.
Automatic gratuities fail the IRS's four-factor tip test and must be taxed as wages, which excludes them from the FICA tip credit, the FLSA overtime rate, and the new "no tax on tips" deduction.
The FBI logged over 22,000 reports of AI voice or video fraud with nearly $893 million in losses in a single recent year; callback verification on a separate channel, a rotating code word, and a dollar-threshold second approver are the three no-cost controls that stop deepfake wire-transfer fraud.
A 2/10 Net 30 trade discount — 2% off for paying within 10 days instead of 30 — is equivalent to an annualized return of roughly 37%, making it one of the highest guaranteed returns available to a small business's idle cash.
Treasury and the IRS are restructuring Form 990 to require source-by-source government grant reporting and project-by-project fiscal sponsorship disclosure, aimed at detecting fraud in the tax-exempt sector.
Beyond the 401(k): how owners 50+ use a cash balance pension to deduct $200k–$400k a year — who benefits, what it costs, and why it requires annual funding and actuarial discipline.
Don't carry dead stock at full cost — GAAP's lower of cost or NRV rule requires writing obsolete and slow-moving inventory down to what you can actually realize, with a repeatable month-end workflow.
