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Section 7345 lets the IRS certify a "seriously delinquent" tax debt — roughly $66,000 in 2026 — to the State Department, which can deny, refuse to renew, or revoke a U.S. passport. This guide explains how the CP508C notice works, the five practical paths to decertification, the expedited procedures for imminent travel, and what the courts have recently said.
Section 7463 lets a taxpayer challenge an IRS deficiency of $50,000 or less in U.S. Tax Court without a lawyer for a $60 filing fee, using a simplified Form 2 petition and informal trial — in exchange for giving up the right to appeal and the ability to set precedent.
A practical walkthrough of IRC Section 7701(b) for globally mobile founders — the 31-day floor, the weighted three-year 183-day formula, exempt-individual rules, the closer connection exception (Form 8840), and treaty tie-breakers (Form 8833) — with a worked example showing how 130 U.S. days in 2026 can trigger worldwide taxation.
A Section 83(b) election lets founders and early employees pay ordinary income tax today on the full value of restricted stock instead of at each vest. Filed within 30 days on IRS Form 15620, it can convert millions of phantom ordinary income into long-term capital gain and start the QSBS holding clock on day one.
The median fraud at a company with fewer than 100 employees costs $141,000. This guide explains how to apply segregation of duties — separating authorization, custody, recordkeeping, and reconciliation — and use compensating controls when you have only three employees.
For the self-employed, a Solo 401(k) often shelters more than double what a SEP-IRA does at the same income — a $90,000 earner can contribute $47,000 vs. $22,500 in 2026. This guide covers the limits, the Roth option, the pro-rata rule, and the December 31 deferral deadline.
The step transaction doctrine lets the IRS treat a sequence of formally separate steps as one taxable transaction. This guide explains the three tests courts apply — end result, mutual interdependence, and binding commitment — the landmark cases (Gregory v. Helvering, Court Holding, Kimbell-Diamond), the 2026 transactions most exposed (1031 drop-and-swaps, pre-sale entity conversions, gifts before the estate exemption sunset), and the documentation habits that keep multi-step plans defensible.
How Subchapter T lets U.S. cooperatives deduct patronage dividends and avoid corporate double tax — covering the 20% cash floor for qualified written notices of allocation, the post-2017 shift toward nonqualified treatment, per-unit retains, Form 1099-PATR box-by-box reporting, Section 199A(g) for specified ag co-ops, and the recordkeeping that turns a deduction into a defensible one.
100% bonus depreciation under Section 168(k) is permanent again for property placed in service after January 19, 2025, and Section 179's 2026 limit is $2,560,000. This guide shows how small businesses combine both to deduct equipment the year it is bought, with a worked $1.2M example and the disqualification traps to avoid.
For the 2026 tax year the Form 1099-K threshold reverted to $20,000 and more than 200 transactions, but you must still report all income whether or not a form arrives. This guide explains who gets a 1099-K, how to reconcile Box 1a from gross to taxable income, and where the numbers go on Schedule C or Schedule 1.
A 13-week cash flow forecast uses the direct method to project weekly cash movement across one quarter, surfacing the exact day a profitable business could still bounce payroll. Here is how to build, read, and roll one forward.
An accountable plan lets an S corporation reimburse owners and employees for mileage, home office, and supplies tax-free under Treasury Regulation 1.62-2. It requires three things—business connection, substantiation within 60 days, and return of excess within 120 days—and replaces the employee expense deduction the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated.
