#cost-of-goods-sold
Научете как да изчислявате и проследявате себестойността на продадените стоки за оценка на инвентара
How to build a craft brewery's books so cost of goods sold tells the truth—a production chart of accounts, a true cost-per-barrel formula using net barrels, TTB excise tax rates ($3.50/barrel on the first 60,000), and the 3–8% shrinkage that inflates margin if ignored.
Interior design firms run four revenue streams through one chart of accounts and end up paying tax on phantom profits. Treat retainers as a liability, run products through revenue and COGS together, book vendor cost as COGS (never list price), and reconcile every PO before close.
How craft distilleries should account for bonded inventory, capitalize aging costs, and reconcile TTB Form 5110.40 to the general ledger — including the $2.70 CBMA reduced rate, controlled-group traps, and why federal excise tax belongs in COGS, not operating expense.
A 50% markup is a 33.3% margin, not a 50% margin — markup divides profit by cost, margin divides it by selling price. This guide gives the conversion formulas, a reference table, and shows how the mix-up quietly costs small businesses thousands.
How to keep books for a vending route at the machine level — reconciling DEX cash counters against deposits, tracking COGS and site commissions per location, and computing the contribution margin that tells you which machines to keep, optimize, or pull.
A step-by-step bookkeeping system for food trucks — separating business money, building a truck-specific chart of accounts, running a daily cash close, tracking food cost at 25–30% of revenue, and treating collected sales tax as a liability rather than income.
Landscaping books need four things a generic ledger lacks — job costing, seasonal cash flow forecasting, burdened crew labor, and a service-line chart of accounts. This guide shows how to set up each so your numbers reveal which work earns margin and how much cash bridges the off-season.
A practical guide for small retailers and warehouses to compute their shrink rate, design an ABC-based cycle count program, book shrinkage adjustments to the ledger, and turn variance patterns into loss-prevention action.
Inventory shrinkage is the gap between recorded and physical stock. This guide explains how to calculate a shrink rate, why cycle counting and ABC analysis beat the annual physical count, and how to record the adjustment with a dedicated expense account.
LCNRV requires reporting inventory at the lower of its cost or net realizable value (NRV = selling price − completion costs − selling costs). Once written down under U.S. GAAP, inventory cannot be written back up.
A practical walkthrough of the LCNRV rule under ASC 330 — how to calculate net realizable value, book the write-down, handle obsolete or damaged inventory, and avoid the phantom-profit trap of overstated inventory on the balance sheet.
A walkthrough of how to record sales returns, allowances, and discounts as contra-revenue accounts under ASC 606, including the refund liability journal entries, sales tax reversal, and the gross-margin effects most small businesses miss.
