#cost-of-goods-sold
Cost of Goods Sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO): Formula, Benchmarks, and Why It Matters
Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) measures the average number of days it takes a business to sell through its inventory, calculated as average inventory divided by cost of goods sold, multiplied by the number of days in the period.
Disc Golf Course Bookkeeping: Deferred Revenue, Depreciation, and Pro Shop Margins
Disc golf courses run four businesses in one — real estate, retail, memberships, and events — and each needs separate accounting for deferred membership revenue, 15-year land improvement depreciation, and pro shop cost of goods sold.
E-Bike and Scooter Rental Fleet Bookkeeping: Depreciation, Per-Ride Economics, and the Path to Breakeven
A chart-of-accounts and depreciation framework for e-bike and scooter rental fleets, showing how to track vehicles by acquisition cohort, calculate gross margin per ride, and model a realistic path to breakeven by year three.
EV Charging Station Bookkeeping: The Real Math Behind Per-kWh Margins, Demand Charges, and Payback Period
Demand charges can account for 30–70% of a commercial electricity bill and add roughly $9,000 to a single month when six DC fast chargers peak simultaneously — yet most operators blend them into one utilities account. How to book charging revenue against per-kWh COGS, track the Section 30C credit that now sunsets June 30, 2026, and model realistic payback periods for Level 2 ($4,500–$12,000/port) and DC fast chargers ($90,000–$200,000/port).
Mobile Detailing and Ceramic Coating Bookkeeping: Pricing, Warranties, and Section 179
Mobile detailing and ceramic coating businesses should track material costs separately (typically 4-9% of revenue), record coating warranties and membership plans as deferred revenue until service is delivered, and can deduct up to $32,000 in 2026 under Section 179 on service vans between 6,001-14,000 lbs GVWR.
TikTok Shop Seller Bookkeeping: Reconciling Gross Sales, Fees, and Your 1099-K
TikTok Shop's 1099-K reports unadjusted gross sales, not net payout — referral fees, payment processing charges, and affiliate commissions typically consume 30-45% of that total before it reaches a seller's bank account, and untracked fees can inflate taxable income.
Urgent Care Clinic Bookkeeping: A Guide to Payer Mix, A/R, and Ancillary Revenue
Urgent care clinics typically target 28-35 days in accounts receivable, an 8-15% denial rate, and a 95%+ clean claim rate, while losing 15-25% of ancillary revenue to uncaptured charges — tracking these by payer category is what catches billing problems before they become a cash crunch.
Used Vinyl Record Store Bookkeeping: Consignment, Margins, and the Grading Costs That Eat Your Profit
Used record stores acquire inventory through cash purchase, store-credit trade, and consignment, each with different cost basis and liability treatment, and blending them into one bucket hides which acquisition channel is actually profitable.
Bookkeeping for Vehicle Wrap and Window Tint Shops: Job Costing, Bay Utilization, and Deposits
Installation labor runs close to 60% of a full vehicle wrap's cost, yet most wrap and tint shops book it in monthly lump sums that hide per-job losses. This guide covers splitting tint, wrap, and PPF revenue lines, tracking redo hours and revenue per bay-hour, booking deposits as liabilities, and measuring film yield against a 10-15% waste allowance.
Dry Cleaning Bookkeeping: Per-Garment Costing and the Hidden Expenses That Erode Margin
A dry cleaning shop spending $15,000 a month to process 5,000 garments has a $3-per-piece baseline cost before profit — and hidden expenses like re-cleans, unclaimed garments, and idle machine capacity routinely push real costs above the price on the counter.
Menu Engineering 101: Stars, Plowhorses, Puzzles, and Dogs
Menu engineering classifies every dish by two numbers — contribution margin (menu price minus food cost) and popularity (sales mix) — into four quadrants, Stars, Plowhorses, Puzzles, and Dogs, revealing that a high-volume 32% food-cost burger can generate far more total profit than a "leaner" 38% food-cost entree that rarely sells.
Obsolete Inventory Write-Downs: GAAP's Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value Rule Explained
GAAP requires inventory to be reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value under ASC 330; here's how to identify obsolete and slow-moving stock, calculate the write-down, and record it while satisfying the IRS's stricter subnormal-goods test under Treasury Regulation §1.471-2(c).