#cost-of-goods-sold
Learn how to calculate and track cost of goods sold for inventory valuation
A 100% Section 232 tariff on patented drugs and APIs hits smaller manufacturers on September 29, 2026; here is how independent pharmacies and specialty clinics should audit country of origin, separate tariff in landed cost, and manage the working-capital lag before the cost passes through.
Under GAAP's ASC 330, inventory must be carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. This guide shows small businesses how to calculate NRV, book the write-down, document it for the IRS, and avoid the book-tax timing trap.
A contract-level bookkeeping system for cleaning and janitorial businesses—job costing by contract, a payroll-to-revenue dial that says when you can hire, and a 10-minute supply inventory method—so you can bid with real numbers and spot losing contracts before they drag the quarter.
Paint-and-sip and candle studios ring one ticket that is three revenue types, two tax treatments, and a deferred liability. Here is how to split ticket, beverage, and retail revenue at the POS, book gift cards and deposits as deferred revenue, and track pour cost so month-end takes 30 minutes.
Printful and Printify fulfillment charges typically run 45-55% of retail price and belong in Schedule C Part III as cost of goods sold, not in general expenses. This guide separates the two print-on-demand models, shows why a 50% COGS ratio means a $30 sale yields about $6 of contribution after ads and processing, and lays out a chart of accounts and monthly reconciliation that keep margins and taxes correct.
A 3PL never owns your inventory — it stays on your balance sheet at cost until a customer buys it. Map the fee stack (receiving, storage, pick/pack, returns) to a chart of accounts, post the five journal entries you actually need, reconcile WMS on-hand to your ledger monthly, and apply LCNRV write-downs to aged stock under ASC 330.
A camper van conversion shop that installs living-space modules on incomplete chassis is a final-stage manufacturer, not a services business: the chassis is WIP inventory, certification costs are manufacturing overhead, and deposits stay contract liabilities until ASC 606 over-time recognition turns cost-to-cost progress into revenue.
Customer-pay appliance repair calls earn roughly $200 in profit versus about $75 for warranty calls, and parts carry 30-100% markup — books that track parts cost per job, truck stock as real inventory, and the warranty-retail mix reveal which calls actually make money.
Only the Importer of Record can claim a share of the $166 billion in IEEPA tariff refunds through CBP's CAPE portal, which locks out most small importers who buy through suppliers, freight forwarders, or 3PLs — here is how to find your IOR, negotiate refund sharing, and book the proceeds correctly under ASC 450.
Membership revenue isn't earned when the cash arrives—it's earned daily as members climb. Learn how climbing gym owners calculate deferred revenue, classify route-setting labor, and forecast profitability.
Land surveying firms typically run overhead rates of 100-150% of direct labor and need a break-even multiplier of 2.75-3.25x to stay profitable, but most price off gut feel and burdened-labor guesses instead of job-level cost tracking.
A managed service provider chart of accounts should split recurring MRR, hardware resale, and project/T&M into separate revenue and COGS lines, since blended margins of ~42% can hide 58% recurring services next to 8% hardware resale.
