#startup
Startup
Essential accounting and finance guidance for startup founders
The 83(b) Election: A 30-Day Decision That Can Save Founders Six Figures in Taxes
A Section 83(b) election lets founders and early employees pay ordinary income tax on the grant-date value of restricted stock instead of on each vesting tranche, shifting future appreciation into long-term capital gains. The 30-day filing window is absolute and starts on the actual transfer date.
ISO vs NQSO: Stock Option Tax Treatment Every Tech Worker Needs to Understand
Incentive Stock Options and Non-Qualified Stock Options trigger taxes at different events and rates. This guide covers the AMT trap, qualifying vs. disqualifying dispositions, the $100,000 ISO vesting limit, and eight strategies tech workers use to lower the tax bill on equity compensation.
QSBS Section 1202 Exclusion: How Founders Can Save Millions in Capital Gains Tax
A 2026 guide to Section 1202 QSBS for founders, early employees, and angel investors — eligibility tests, the new $15M cap and tiered holding periods under OBBBA, stacking with non-grantor trusts, state conformity gaps in California and Pennsylvania, and how to claim the exclusion on Form 8949.
Section 1244 Stock: How Failed Startup Investors Can Deduct Up to $100,000 as Ordinary Loss
Section 1244 of the Internal Revenue Code lets qualifying small business stock losses be deducted as ordinary losses up to $50,000 per year for single filers and $100,000 for joint filers, bypassing the $3,000 annual cap on capital losses. This guide covers the corporate and shareholder requirements, how to claim the loss on Form 4797, and the documentation traps that disqualify ordinary-loss claims.
Cap Table Management for Startups: A Practical Guide from Seed to Exit
A practical guide to managing a startup cap table from incorporation to exit — covering SAFEs, priced rounds, option pool sizing, 409A valuations, vesting mechanics, dilution math, and the diligence-ready habits that prevent costly equity surprises.
The R&D Tax Credit for Startups and Small Businesses: How to Claim Up to $500,000 Against Payroll Taxes
Section 41 lets qualified small businesses offset up to $500,000 of annual payroll taxes with the federal R&D credit. This guide covers the four-part qualification test, qualifying wages and cloud spend, the QSB election on Form 6765, and what OBBBA changed for 2025 and 2026 filings.
Merchant of Record Explained: When You Should Stop Being the Seller
A Merchant of Record is the legal seller for your SaaS — handling sales tax, VAT, chargebacks, and PCI compliance in exchange for 4–8% per transaction. Here is when the math favors switching, how it compares to a payment processor, and how to pick a provider in 2026.
Section 174 R&D Capitalization: The Complete 2026 Guide for Founders and Finance Teams
Section 174 of the U.S. tax code restored immediate domestic R&D expensing in 2025 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and small businesses have until July 6, 2026 to amend 2022–2024 returns and reclaim refunds on previously capitalized research costs.
Startup Costs Tax Deduction: How to Write Off Up to $10,000 Your First Year
Section 195 lets new businesses deduct up to $5,000 of startup costs and another $5,000 of organizational costs under Section 248/709 in the first year, with the remainder amortized over 180 months. Phase-out begins at $50,000 and eliminates the immediate deduction at $55,000.
The R&D Tax Credit: A Complete Guide for Businesses in 2026
The R&D tax credit (IRC Section 41) cuts your federal tax bill dollar-for-dollar for qualifying research expenses—yet fewer than one in five eligible businesses claim it. This guide covers the four-part test, QRE categories, the Alternative Simplified Credit calculation, and 2026 changes including restored Section 174 expensing and a $500,000 payroll tax offset for startups.
Delaware Franchise Tax: A Complete Guide for Business Owners
Delaware's franchise tax can look like a $50,000 surprise—but using the Assumed Par Value Capital Method instead of the portal's default can cut that bill to under $1,000. This guide explains both calculation methods, due dates, penalties, and how clean books make the difference.
Best States to Incorporate Your Business: Delaware, Nevada, Wyoming, and Beyond
For most small business owners, incorporating in your home state is the most cost-effective choice — but Delaware is near-mandatory for venture-backed startups, Wyoming offers the lowest fees ($100 filing, $60/year) and strongest privacy protections, and Nevada provides zero state taxes with robust charging order protections.