#accounting
Accounting
Master accounting fundamentals and best practices for plain-text bookkeeping
Natural vs. Functional Expense Classification: How Nonprofits Build the Form 990 Statement of Functional Expenses
Since ASU 2016-14, every nonprofit filing a full Form 990 must allocate expenses across program, management and general, and fundraising using a reasonable, consistent methodology — here's how time studies, square footage, and headcount allocation actually work, and the five mistakes that draw auditor scrutiny.
Customs Broker and Freight Forwarder Bookkeeping: Duty Trust Funds, Drawback Recordkeeping, and Why an Import Duty Isn't Your Expense
Under 19 CFR 111.29, customs brokers must book client duty payments as liabilities, remit funds to CBP within five working days, and furnish a written accounting statement within 60 calendar days — a discipline that also protects duty drawback claims, which can recover up to 99% of duties paid on later-exported goods.
E-Bike and Scooter Rental Fleet Bookkeeping: Depreciation, Per-Ride Economics, and the Path to Breakeven
A chart-of-accounts and depreciation framework for e-bike and scooter rental fleets, showing how to track vehicles by acquisition cohort, calculate gross margin per ride, and model a realistic path to breakeven by year three.
Podcast Production Bookkeeping: Why a Full Sponsor Calendar Doesn't Mean You're Profitable
Podcast sponsorship cash isn't earned on the day it's invoiced — under ASC 606 it's deferred revenue until guaranteed impressions actually deliver, and skipping that step, plus mis-costing network splits and guest booking time, is why production shops with full sponsor calendars still lose money.
Recording Gifts-in-Kind: A Nonprofit Accounting Guide to ASU 2020-07
Under ASU 2020-07 (ASC 958-605), nonprofits must record donated goods, services, and facility use at fair value on a separate line item and disclose valuation methodology by category, or risk an auditor flagging the financial statements.
RV Repair Shop Bookkeeping: Warranty Reimbursement and Labor Rate Guide
RV repair shops often bill $140-$190/hour retail but get reimbursed $20-$40/hour less on warranty labor, and two-thirds of shops under-mark parts by $40,000-$70,000 a year, so separate warranty, retail, and parts revenue accounts to see the real margin.
True Endowment vs. Board-Designated Endowment: A UPMIFA Guide for Nonprofits
True endowments are created by donor restriction and governed by UPMIFA; board-designated endowments are unrestricted funds the board chose to treat like an endowment and can undesignate at any time — mixing up the two is the most common misstep auditors flag in nonprofit endowment reviews.
Value-Based Pricing vs. the Billable Hour: An AI-Era Guide for Service Businesses
AI is compressing service-delivery time by 3-4x, making hourly billing punish the professionals who get faster; 64% of accounting and bookkeeping firms have already shifted to fixed-fee or value-based pricing to capture that speed as margin instead of losing it as revenue.
Property Management Trust Accounting: The Three-Way Reconciliation That Keeps You Out of Regulatory Trouble
Property management trust accounts require a monthly three-way reconciliation matching the bank balance, general ledger, and tenant sub-ledgers to the penny, and even a one-dollar variance is treated as a noncompliant account by state real estate regulators.
SBIR/STTR Grant Accounting: Indirect Cost Caps and Avoiding a Clawback
SBIR and STTR awards are cost-reimbursable federal funding governed by FAR 31.205 and 2 CFR 200 — DOE now caps indirect costs at 15% of total award value, NIH has tightened its F&A allowance, and undocumented labor costs are the most common clawback trigger.
Sales Tax Exemption Certificate Management: The Audit-Ready Playbook
Auditors extrapolate the certificate deficiency rate found in a sample across the entire audit period, so a handful of missing resale or exemption certificates can turn into a six-figure sales tax assessment — here are the six practices that keep certificate files audit-ready.
Fractional and Outsourced CFO Practice Bookkeeping: A Complete Guide for Solo Operators and Multi-Partner Firms
How independent fractional and outsourced CFOs should structure their books — ASC 606 treatment for retainers and project work, 409A and 83(b) handling for advisor equity, the Section 199A SSTB phase-out at $201,750 single / $403,500 joint, and target utilization and realization benchmarks for a healthy practice.