#accounting
Accounting
Master accounting fundamentals and best practices for plain-text bookkeeping
AI-Generated Fake Receipts Now Drive Most Expense Fraud: A Small Business Guide
AI-generated receipts jumped from 0% to 70.8% of fraud flags between March 2025 and May 2026, per AppZen data covering 1,471 fake receipts across 174 companies — and the average claim dropped to $101 as fraudsters shifted from a few large fakes to many small ones under auto-approval thresholds.
Loyalty Points Are a Liability, Not Revenue: How to Book Breakage and Deferred Revenue Under ASC 606
Under ASC 606, loyalty points are a deferred revenue liability until customers redeem them or you can prove breakage — Starbucks booked $200.4M in breakage revenue in FY2025 this way. This guide covers the journal entries for issuance and redemption, the 12-month data requirement for breakage estimates, and the rollforward schedule that keeps a rewards program auditable.
FASB Settles How to Account for Factored Receivables Billed Before the Work Is Done: ASU 2025-12 Issue 20 and ASC 860
FASB's ASU 2025-12 (Issue 20) clarifies that receivables recognized before performance is complete — annual SaaS billed upfront, retainers, construction progress billings — fall under ASC 860's transfer rules when sold or factored, not ASC 470 debt guidance by default. The fix takes effect for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with issue-by-issue early adoption, and sale treatment still requires passing the true-sale test.
FASB ASU 2025-12: The APIC-Only Method for Retiring Shares in a Co-Founder Buyout
FASB's ASU 2025-12 (Issue 10) codifies a third method for retiring repurchased shares — charging the full excess over par value to additional paid-in capital, as long as APIC stays non-negative. Here is how the APIC-only, retained-earnings-only, and allocation methods change the balance-sheet impact of a co-founder buyout, and why the choice matters for loan covenants and dividend capacity before the December 15, 2026 effective date.
FASB ASU 2026-01: How Startups Must Now Measure PIK Dividends on Preferred Stock
FASB's ASU 2026-01 requires PIK dividends on equity-classified preferred stock to be measured at the stated contractual rate — not fair value — effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. Here's what venture-backed startups with PIK preferred provisions should do before their next audit.
Ski Resort Bookkeeping: How to Account for Season Pass Deferred Revenue
Season pass cash collected in September is a liability, not income. This guide covers ASC 606 deferred revenue for ski resorts: the debit-cash-credit-deferred-revenue entry, straight-line vs. usage-based recognition, weather-driven refund reserves, and the four bookkeeping mistakes small ski operations make most.
FASB's New Environmental Credits Standard (ASU 2026-02): What Topic 818 Means for Carbon Credits, RECs, and RINs
FASB's ASU 2026-02 creates Topic 818, the first GAAP framework for environmental credits, splitting carbon offsets, RECs, and RINs into compliance, noncompliance, and voluntary categories with different measurement rules, effective for public companies in fiscal 2028 and private companies in fiscal 2029.
Florida's CPA Licensure Bill Died Again: What the Failure of SB 364 and HB 333 Means for CPAs and Small Businesses
Florida's SB 364 passed the Senate 35-0 but died without a House hearing on March 13, 2026 — the second straight year the CPA licensure-modernization bill failed. Florida still requires 150 semester hours, out-of-state CPAs still rely on substantial-equivalency mobility, and FICPA plans to refile in 2027.
Independent Film Production Accounting: Above-the-Line, Below-the-Line, and the Cost Report That Keeps You on Budget
How independent film budgets actually work — above-the-line costs run 30–35% of budget, contingency should be ~10%, and 39 states plus D.C. and Puerto Rico return 15–45% of qualified spend through film incentives. A practical guide to cost reports, loan-out companies, and building a chart of accounts that survives an audit.
FASB ASU 2025-06: How the New Internal-Use Software Capitalization Rule Fits Agile Development
FASB's ASU 2025-06 replaces the three-stage ASC 350-40 test with a single "probable-to-complete" threshold for internal-use software, a change expected to decrease capitalization for SaaS companies once it takes effect for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027.
Nonprofit Merger Accounting: What ASC 958-805 Requires Before You Sign
Under ASC 958-805, a combination of two nonprofits must be classified as either a merger, which uses the carryover method with no fair-value remeasurement or goodwill, or an acquisition, which requires fair-value remeasurement and an immediate expense instead of capitalized goodwill for any excess consideration.
Buying Machinery at Auction: Cost Basis, Use Tax, and 100% Bonus Depreciation
A $150,000 CNC lathe bought at auction and fully expensed under 100% bonus depreciation can generate roughly $37,500 in first-year tax savings at a 25% effective tax rate, but only if the buyer's premium, sales/use tax, and rigging costs are correctly capitalized into cost basis first.